TESTING OF INDIVIDUAL SENSITIVITY TO RADON AND THORON EXPOSURE BY IN VITRO IRRADIATION OF LYMPHOCYTES CULTURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbambientum.2017.1.01Keywords:
individual sensitivity; low doses exposure model.Abstract
Identify the factors that affect individual sensitivity is a very important step in cancer risk assessment at low doses or low doses rates, according with study of dose-response relationship. DNA damage response processes are likely to play an important role in radiation by cancer risk association. This paper tries to quantify the individual sensitivity to alpha particles exposure using an in vitro exposure model. Quantify of DNA lesions by comet assay, in lymphocytes cultures exposed to the same doses of radiation was made. The irradiation was performed using the pitchblende ore during a 72 hours period, intermittent exposure with dose rates of 89.15 kBq/m3. The lowest and highest Radon Thoron concentrations computed in this study were 89.15 kBq/m3 and 212.9 kBq/m3, respectively.
The study was done for healthy donors, comparatively with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases donors. Ageing in vitro of lymphocytes cultures exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation is the biological model used, which are presented here. Based on these results, a standard test should be develop and applied for study of sensitivities in average population groups.
References
Au W.W., Lane R.G., Legator M.S., Whorton E.B., Gregg S., Wilkinson G.S., Gabehart G.J., 1995, Biomarker Monitoring of a Population Residing near Uranium Mining Activities. Environ Health Perspect, 103, pp. 466-470.
ATSDR, 2010, Radon Toxicity, Case Studies in Environmental Medicine, Course: CB/WB1585
Barbera J.B., Burrill W., Anne R., Levine S. Ed., Warren C., Kiltieb A.E., Roberts S.A., Scott D., 2000, Relationship between in vitro chromosomal radiosensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the expression of normal tissue damage following radiotherapy for breast cancer. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 55, pp. 179-186.
Barros-Dios J.M., Barreiro M.A., Alberto R.R., Figueiras A., 2002, Exposure to Residential Radon and Lung Cancer in Spain: A Population-based Case-Control Study. Am J. Epidemiol ,156 (6), pp. 548- 555.
Bauchinger M., Schmid E., Braselmann H., Kulka U., 1994, Chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes from occupants of houses with elevated indoor radon concentrations, Mutat. Res., 310, pp. 135–142.
Brie I., Perde M., Fischer E., Virag P., Soritau O., Ola R., Postescu I.D., Cernea V., Ghilezan N., 2004, In vitro, evaluation of radiation-induced DNA Damage and Repair Using Comet Assay. Radioterapy & Medical Oncology 2 (95), pp. 104.
Brenner D.J., Mossman K.L., 2005, Do Radiation Doses Below 1 cGy Increase Cancer Risks? Extended Abstracts, Radiation in Realistic Environments: Interactions Between Radiation and Other Factors, Radiation Research, 163, pp. 691–708.
Brock W.A., Tucker S.L., 2000, In vitro radiosensitivity and normal tissue damage. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 55, pp. 93-94.
Burnet N.G., Nyman J., Turesson I., Wurm R., Yarnold J.R., Peacock J.H., 1994, The relationship between cellular radiation sensitivity and tissue response may provide the basis for individualizing radiotherapy schedules. Radiother Oncol 33, pp. 228-238.
CERRIE, 2004, Report of the Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters (CERRIE). CERRIE: London October, www.cerrie.org ISBN 0-85951-545-1.
Collins A.R., 2004, The comet assay for DNA damage and repair: principles, applications, and limitations. Mol. Biotechnol, 26 (3), pp. 249-61.
Cosma C., Szacsvai K., Dinu A., Ciorba D., 2007, Indoor radon and lung cancer risk in Romania. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Geologia 52 (1), pp. 10-11.
Cosma C., Moldovan M., Dicu T., Kovacs T., 2008, Radon in water from Transylvania region, Radiation Measurements, 43, pp. 1423-1428.
Darby S., Hill D., Auvinen A., Barros-Dios J.M., Baysson H., Bochicchio F., Deo H., Falk R., Forastiere F., Hakama M., Heid I., Kreienbrock L., Kreuzer M., Lagarde F., Mäkeläinen I., Muirhead C., Oberaigner W., Pershagen G., Ruano-Ravina A., Ruosteenoja E., Schaffrath Rosario A., Tirmarche M., Tomášek L., Whitley E., Wichmann H.E., and Doll R., 2005, Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. Br. Med. J., 330, pp. 223–227.
Eappen K.P., Sapra B.K., Mayya Y.S., 1980, A novel methodology for online measurement of thoron using Lucas scintillation cell. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A., 572, pp. 922–925.
Edwards A.A., Purrott R.J., Prosser J.S., Lloyd D.C., 1980, The induction of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes by alpha radiation. Int J Radiat Biol, 38, pp. 83–91.
Fabrikant J.I., 1990, Radon and lung cancer. The BIER IV report. Health Physics, 59, pp. 89–97.
French Academy Report, 2005, Dose-effect relationships and estimation of the carcinogenic effects of low doses of ionizing radiation.
Fairbairn D., Olive P., O’Neill K., 1995, The comet assay: a comprehensive review. Mutat Res, 339, pp. 37–59.
Friedberg E.C., 1978, Xeroderma pigmentosum: Recent studies on the DNA repair defects. Arch Pathol Lab Med., 102, pp. 3-7.
Friedmann H., Zimprich P., Atzmuller C., Hofmann W., Lettner H., Steinhausler F., Hamernik E., Maringer F.J., Mossbauer L., Kaineder H., Nadschlager E., Sperker S., Karacson P., Karg V., Kralik C., Pock K., Schonhofer F., Breitenhuber L., Kindl P., Oberlercher G., Seiberl W., Stadtmann H., Steger F., Tschurlovits M., 1996, The Austrian radon project. Env Int 22 (Supplement 1) (10), pp. 677-686.
Greenland S., 2001, Ecologic versus individual-level sources of bias in ecologic estimates of contextual health effects. Int. J. Epidemiol., 30, pp. 1343–1350.
Hamza V.Z., Kumar V.P.R., Jeevanram R.K., Santanam R., Danalaksmi B., Mohankumar M.N., 2008, A Simple Method to Irradiate Blood Cells In Vitro With Radon Gas. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 130 (3), pp. 343-350.
Hamza Z.V., Mohankumar M.N., 2009, Cytogenetic damage in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radon. Mutation Research, 661 (1,2), pp. 1-9.
Hofmann W., Katz R., Zhang C.X., 1986, Lung cancer risk at low doses of alpha particles. Health Physics., 51, pp. 457–468.
High Level and Expert Group on European Low Dose Risk Research, 2008, Draft report, 8 September.
International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2001, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Ionizing radiation. Some internally deposited radionuclides, 78 (2).
ICRP, 2007, The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Annals of the ICRP 37 (2-4). Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford.
Janik M., Tokonami S., Kovács T., Kávási N., Kranrod C., Sorimachi A., Takahashi H., Miyahara N., Ishikawa T., 2009, International intercomparisons of integrating radon detectors in the NIRS radon chamber, Appl Radiat Isot., PubMed PMID: 19375331.
Jostes R.F., 1996, Genetic, cytogenetic and carcinogenic effects of radon: a review. Mutat Res., 340, pp. 125–139.
Jostes R.F., Hui T.E., Cross F.T., Schwartz J.L., Rotmensch J., Atcher R.W., Evans H.H., Mencl J., Bakale G, Rao P.S., 1991, In vitro exposure of mammalian cells to radon: dosimetric considerations. Radiat Res., 127, pp. 211–219.
Leong T., Whitty J., Keilar M., Mifsud S., Ramsay J., Birrell G., Venter D., Southey M., McKay M., 2000, Mutation analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 cancer predisposition genes in radiation hypersensitive cancer patients. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 48, pp. 959-650.
Lettner H., Hubmer A.K., Rolle R., Steinhausler F., 1996, Occupational exposure to Radon in treatment facilities of the Radon–SPA Badgastein, Austria. Environment International, 22 (1), p. 399-407.
Lubin J.H., Tomášek L., Edling C., Hornung R.W., Howe G., Kunz E., Kusiak R.A., Morrison H.I., Radford E.P., Samet J.M., Timarche M., Woodward A., Yao S.X., 1997, Estimating lung cancer mortality from residential radon using data for low exposures of miners. Radiat Res., 147, pp. 126-134.
Mezei G., Kavet R., 2002, Modeling Cancer Predisposition, Radiosensitivity and the Risk of Radiation- Induced Cancers. Radiation Research., 158, pp. 661–662.
Mihalache D., Preoteasa V., Petrescu A., 2007, Incidence of radiation-induced micronuclei in occupationally exposed subjects, Romania J Biophys., 17, pp. 119–128.
Møller P., Knudsen L.E., Loft S., Wallin H., 2000, The Comet Assay as a Rapid Test in Biomonitoring Occupational Exposure to DNA-damaging Agents and Effect of Confounding Factors1. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 9, pp. 1005–1015.
Muirhead C.R., 2008, Exposure Assessment Implications for Epidemiological Studies of Ionizing Radiation. Radiation Protection Dosimetry., 132 (2), pp. 134–138.
National Academy of Sciences. (NAS), 1999, Health Effects of Exposure to Radon: BEIR VI, National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
NRC (National Research Council), 2006, Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. BEIR VII Report, Phase II. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
Pereira R.J., Preston B.W., Wachholz, 1988, Current status of cytogenetic procedures to detect and quantify previous exposures to radiation. Mutat Res., 196, pp. 103–159.
Petitot F., Morlier J.P., Debroche M., Pineau J.F., Chevillard S., 1997, A new method specifically designed to expose cells isolated in vitro to radon and its decay products. Radia. Res., 157, pp. 693–699.
Plch J., 1997, Manual for operating LUK 3A device, M. Eng. SMM, Prague.
PHE, 2014, Radon in School, PHE publications gateway number: 2014174, July.
Pohl-Ruling J., Pohl E., 1990, Method for a-irradiation of blood cultures with short-lived radon-222 decay products. Mutat Res., 234, pp. 43–45.
Pohl-Ruling J., Lettner H., Hofmann W., Eckl P., Haas O.A., Obe G., Grell-Buchtmann I., van Buul P.P.W., Schroeder-Kurth T., Atzmuller Ch., Sasaki M.S., Fischer P., Kubiak R., Natarajan A.T., 2000, Chromosomal aberrations of blood lymphocytes induced in vitro by radon-222 daughter a-irradiation. Mutat Res., 449, pp. 7–19.
Purrot R.J., Edwards A.A., Lloyd D.C., Stather J.W., 1980, The induction of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes by in vitro irradiation with alpha particles from 239Pu. Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 38, pp. 277–284.
Ron E., 1998, Ionizing radiation and cancer risk: evidence from epidemiology. Radiat. Res., 150, pp. 30–41.
Rossler U., Hornhardt S., Seidl C., Muller E., Walsh L., Panzer W., Schmid E., Senekowitsch R., Gomolka M., 2006, The sensitivity of the alkaline comet assay in detecting DNA lesions induced by X rays, gamma rays and alpha particles. Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 122, pp. 154-159.
Scott D., Barber J.B., Levine E.L., Burrill W., Roberts S.A., 1998, Radiation induced micronucleus induction in lymphocytes identifies a high frequency of radiosensitive cases among breast cancer patients: a test for predisposition? Br. J. Cancer., pp. 77, pp. 614-620.
Singh N., McCoy M., Tice R.R., Schneider E., 1988, A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res, 175, pp. 184–191.
Stram D.O., Kopecky K.J., 2003, Power and uncertainty analysis of epidemiological studies of radiation related disease risk in which dose estimates are based on a complex dosimetry system: some observations. Radiat. Res., 160, pp. 408–417.
Scott D., Barber J.B., Spreadborough A.R., Burrill W., Roberts S.A., 1999, Increased chromosomal radiosensitivity in breast cancer patients: a comparison of two assays. Int J. Radiat. Biol., 75, pp. 1–10.
Tice R.R., Agurell E., Anderson D., Burlinson B., Hartmann A., Kobayashi H., Miyamae Y., Rojas E., Ryu J.C., Sasaki Y.F., 2000, Single cell gel/Comet Assay: Guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environ Mol. Mutagen., 35, pp. 206-221.
Turner M.C., Chen Y., Krewski D., Calle E.E., Thun M.J., 2007, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Is Associated with Lung Cancer Mortality in a Prospective Study of Never Smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 176 (3), pp. 285– 290.
UNSCEAR, 2000, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Vol. II Effects. UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes, United Nations, New York.
Wu A.H., Fontham E.T., Reynolds P., Greenberg R.S., Buffler P., Liff J., Boyd P., Henderson B.E., Correa P., 1995, Previous Lung Disease and Risk of Lung Cancer among Lifetime Nonsmoking Woman in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 141 (11), pp. 1023-1032.
Zhou H., Suzuki M., Randers-Pehrson G., Vannais D., Chen G., Trosko J.E., Waldren C.A., Hei T.K., 2001, Radiation risk to low influences of alpha particles may be greater than we thought. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 98, pp. 14410–14415.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Ambientum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ISSN (online): 2065-9490 | ISSN (print): 1843-3855 | ISSN-L: 2065-9490