TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF SMES: ROLE OF SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF OWNER-MANAGER
Keywords:
SMEs, Financial Behavior, Socio-psychological Factors, Pakistan.Abstract
Purpose - Understanding SMEs’ use/adoption of financial services is prerequisite for policy makers and managers of financial institutions interested in their growth and development. The study seeks to explore influence of personal characteristics of owner-manager on firms’ financial behavior to use financial services.
Design/Methodology/Approach – Qualitative methodology has been employed to propose alternate model of understanding financial behavior of firms as influenced by socio-psychological factors of owner-managers. Study makes use of Theory of Planned Behavior and its variants to support the proposed model.
Findings - The study suggests that theories of behavior need to be applied to better understand the owner-manager’s intentions to use financial services, which in turn reflect SMEs’ financial behavior.
Research limitations/implications - The proposed model and relationships would help policy makers, managers and research scholars to better understand SMEs financial behavior. There is need for comparative empirical studies examining the propositions made by the study.
Originality/Value – The papers discusses the demand side issues and proposes a general model of socio-psychological factors of owner-manager that affect SMEs’ decisions toward usage of financial services.
References
Abdulsaleh, A.M. and Worthington, A.C., 2013. Small and medium-sized enterprises financing: A review of literature. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(14), p.36.
Ahad, M. T., Dyson, L. E., & Gay, V. (2012). An Empirical Study of Factors Influencing the SME's Intention to Adopt m-Banking in Rural Bangladesh. Journal of Mobile Technologies, Knowledge and Society, 2012, 1.
Ahmad, N. and Haron, S., 2002. Perceptions of Malaysian corporate customers towards Islamic banking products and services. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, 3(4), pp.13-29.
Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research.
Ajzen, I., 1985. From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Ajzen, I., 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Processes, 50, 179-211.
Allport, G. W. (1935). Attitudes.
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (1998). Social cognition models and health behaviour: A structured review. Psychology and health, 15(2), 173-189.
Bandura, A., 1994. Self-efficacy. In: Ramachaudran, V.S. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, Vol. 4. Academic Press, New York, pp. 71–81.
Bohner, G. W. M. (2002) Attitudes and Attitude change.
Brettel, M., Breuer, W., Espel, P., & Abedin, A. (2009). Private Equity for SME: A Behavioural Model of the Demand-Side Perspective. Available at SSRN 1141068.
Chen, Ch., Greene, P.G., Creek, A., 1998. Does self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing 13 (4), 295–316.
Chughtai, M. W (2014). Impact of Small and Medium Enterprises on Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan. Standard Research Journal of Business Management, 2(2), 019-024.
Conner, M., & Sparks, P. (2005). Theory of planned behaviour and health behaviour. Predicting health behaviour, 2, 170-222.
Gait, A. and Worthington, A. (2009). An empirical survey of individual customer, business firms and financial institution attitudes towards Islamic methods of finance, International Journal of Social Economics, 35(11), 783-808.
Godin, G., & Kok, G. (1996). The theory of planned behavior: a review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American journal of health promotion, 11(2), 87-98.
Godin, G., Valois, P., Lepage, L., & Desharnais, R. (1992). Predictors of smoking behaviour: an application of Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour. British journal of addiction, 87(9), 1335-1343.
Haque, A.K.M., 2010. Islamic banking in Malaysia: a study of attitudinal differences of Malaysian customers. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 18, pp.7-18.
Haron, S., Ahmad, N. and Planisek, S.L., 1994. Bank patronage factors of Muslim and non-Muslim customers. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 12(1), pp.32-40.
Hockerts, K. (2015). Determinants of social entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice.
Islam, A., Khan, M., Aktaruzzaman, O., Abu Zafar, M. and Alam, M.S. (2011) Effect of Entrepreneur and Firm Characteristics on the Business Success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 6, 289-299.
International Finance Corporation. (2014a), “Islamic Banking Opportunities Across Small and Medium Enterprises Pakistan”, available at: http://www.ifc.org/ (accessed 12 December 2015)
International Finance Corporation. (2014b), “Islamic Banking Opportunities Across Small and Medium Enterprises Middle East”, available at: http://www.ifc.org/ (accessed 12 December 2015)
Jaffar, M.A. and Musa, R., 2013. Determinants of attitude towards Islamic financing among Halal-certified micro and SMEs: A proposed conceptual framework. International Journal of Education and Research, 1(8), pp.1-10.
Jayawardhena, C. and Foley, P., 2000. Changes in the banking sector-the case of Internet banking in the UK. Internet Research, 10(1), pp.19-31.
Jin, D., Chai, K.H. and Tan, K.C., 2012. Organizational adoption of new service development tools. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 22(3), pp.233-259.
Joint World Bank-Islamic Development Bank Policy Report October 2015 on “Leveraging Islamic Finance for Small and Medium Enterprises.
Kouser, R., Durani, A., Hussain, F. Z., & Hassan, M. (2012). Investigation of Banker’s Lending Criteria to SMEs and Assessment Thereof. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 4(89), 158-186.
Khan, M.M., 2015. Sources of finance available for SME sector in Pakistan. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences (ILSHS), 6, pp.184-194.
Khan, M.W.J. and Khalique, M., 2014. An Overview of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia and Pakistan: Past, Present and Future Scenario. Business and Management Horizons, 2(2), p.38.
Khan, S., 2015. Impact of sources of finance on the growth of SMEs: evidence from Pakistan. Decision, 42(1), pp.3-10.
Kim, H.W., Chan, H.C. and Gupta, S., 2007. Value-based adoption of mobile internet: an empirical investigation. Decision Support Systems, 43(1), pp.111-126.
Kirkpatrick, L.A., 2005. Attachment, evolution, and the psychology of religion. Guilford Press.
Kotler, P. and Armstrong, G., 2001, Principles of Marketing.
Liska, A.E., 1984. A critical examination of the causal structure of the Fishbein/Ajzen attitude-behavior model. Social psychology quarterly, pp.61-74.
Low, C. and Mazzarol, T., 2006, June. Owner-managers’ preferences for financing: A study of Singaporean SME. In ICSB, World Conference 2006.
Mathieson, K., 1991. Predicting user intentions: comparing the technology acceptance model with the theory of planned behavior. Information systems research, 2(3), pp.173-191.
Metawa, S.A. and Almossawi, M., 1998. Banking behavior of Islamic bank customers: perspectives and implications. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 16(7), pp.299-313..
Mitchell, V.W., 1999. Consumer perceived risk: conceptualizations and models. European Journal of marketing, 33(1/2), pp.163-195.
Naser, K., Jamal, A. and Al-Khatib, K., 1999. Islamic banking: a study of customer satisfaction and preferences in Jordan. International journal of bank marketing, 17(3), pp.135-151.
Neneh, B.N. (2011) The Impact of Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Business Practices on the Long Term Survival of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). University of Free State, Dissertation, South Africa.
Nkuah, J. K., Tanyeh, J. P., & Gaeten, K. (2013). Financing small and medium enterprises (smes) in ghana: Challenges and determinants in accessing bank credit. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 2(3), 12-25.
Ogarcă, L.R., 2010. Features of the Decision-Making in SMEs. Annals of University of Craiova-Economic Sciences Series, 3(38).
Ogubazghi, S.K. and Muturi, W., 2014. The Effect of Age and Educational Level of Owner/Managers on SMMEs’ Access to Bank Loan in Eritrea: Evidence from Asmara City. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 4(11), p.632.
Osman, M.R. and Ali, H., 2008, October. Exploring Muslim entrepreneurs’ knowledge and usage of Islamic financing. In Seminar Keusahawanan Islam II Peringkat Kebangsaaan, Universiti Malaya (Vol. 15).
Othman, A. and Owen, L., 2001. The multi dimensionality of Carter Model to measure customer service quality (SQ) in Islamic banking industry: a study in Kuwait finance house. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, 3(4), pp.1-12.
Pavlou, P., 2001. Integrating trust in electronic commerce with the technology acceptance model: model development and validation. Amcis 2001 proceedings, p.159.
Qureshi, J. A. 2012. Financial Quota of Loans for the SME Sector in Pakistan: A Survey in Karachi. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(5), p.725-741.
Robu, M., 2013. The Dynamic and importance of SMEs in economy. The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 13(1 (17)), pp.84-89.
Schlaegel, C., & Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: a meta‐analytic test and integration of competing models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 291-332.
Sherazi, S. K., Iqbal, M. Z., Asif, M., Rehman, K., & Shah, S. S. H. (2013). Obstacles to Small and Medium Enterprises in Pakistan. Principal Component Analysis Approach. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1990-9233, 1325-1334.
Siddique, I., Saleem, I., & Abbas, S. G. (2016). Smes Business Growth Model and Mediating Role of Market Orientation. Siddique I., Saleem I., & Abbas SA (2016). SMEs Business Growth Model and Mediating role of Market Orientation, Pakistan Business Review, 17(4), 845-862.
Singh, S., Srivastava, V. and Srivastava, R.K., 2010. Customer acceptance of mobile banking: A conceptual framework. SIES journal of management, 7(1), p.55.
SMEDA Pakistan. 2010, “Developing SME Policy in Pakistan” available at: http://www.smeda.org.pk/main/ (accessed on 12 December 2015).
Souiden, N., & Rani, M. (2015). Consumer attitudes and purchase intentions toward Islamic banks: the influence of religiosity. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 33(2), 143-161.
State Bank of Pakistan,(2014). Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Islamic Banking in Pakistan. Department of International Development: Ebiz Consulting.
State Bank of Pakistan,(2015). Quarterly SME Finance Review: Infrastructure, Housing & SME Finance Department. Karachi: State Bank of Pakistan.
State Bank of Pakistan. 2016, ‘Revised Prudential Regulations for Small and Medium Enterprises Financing” available at:
http://www.sbp.org.pk/smefd/circulars/2016/C2.htm/ (accessed on 02 April 2016).
Sun, S., Goh, T., Fam, K.S., Xue, Y. and Xue, Y., 2012. The influence of religion on Islamic mobile phone banking services adoption. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(1), pp.81-98.
Swierczek, F.W. and Ha, T.T., 2003. Entrepreneurial orientation, uncertainty avoidance and firm performance: an analysis of Thai and Vietnamese SMEs. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 4(1), pp.46-58.
Swierczek, F.W. and Jatusripatak, S., 1994. Exploring entrepreneurship cultures in Southeast Asia. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 2(02), pp.687-708.
Swierczek, F.W. and Thai, T.H., 2003. Motivation, entrepreneurship and the performance of SMEs in Vietnam. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 11(01), pp.47-68.
Tara, N., Irshad, M., Khan, M.R., Yamin, M. and Rizwan, M., 2014. Factors Influencing Adoption of Islamic Banking: A Study from Pakistan. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 4(3), pp.352-367.
Taylor, S. and Todd, P., 1995. Decomposition and crossover effects in the theory of planned behavior: A study of consumer adoption intentions. International journal of research in marketing, 12(2), pp.137-155.
Thurstone, L. L. (1931). The measurement of social attitudes. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 26(3), 249.
Tolba, A., Seoudi, I., & Fahmy, K. (2014). Factors influencing intentions of Egyptian MSME owners in taking commercial bank loans. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 27(6), 497-518.
Tyszka, T., Cieślik, J., Domurat, A., & Macko, A. (2011). Motivation, self-efficacy, and risk attitudes among entrepreneurs during transition to a market economy. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40(2), 124-131.
The World Bank. 2015, “Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Finance” available at:
http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialsector/brief/smes-finance/ (accessed on 02 April 2016)
Vallerand, R.J., 1997. Toward a hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Advances in experimental social psychology, 29, pp.271-360.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M.G., Davis, G.B. and Davis, F.D., 2003. User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS quarterly, pp.425-478.
Xiang, D., Worthington, A.C. and Higgs, H., 2011. Firm-level determinants and impacts of finance-seeking behaviour and outcomes for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Australia. Discussion Papers in Finance, 201115.
Ya’gobi, N.M. and Rad, Z.N., 2015. Effective Behavioral Factors on Customers' Intention to Use Mobile Banking Services (Case Study: Saderat Bank Branches of Mashhad). Arth prabandh: A Journal of Economics and Management, 4(2), pp.128-143.
Yu, C.S., 2012. Factors affecting individuals to adopt mobile banking: Empirical evidence from the UTAUT model. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 13(2), p.104.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Negotia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.