CONDUCTOMETRIC TESTS AND TOTAL CHROMIUM LEACHABILITY IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION, FROM TANNED LEATHER WASTE

Authors

  • Gabriela-Emilia POPIȚA Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  • Dorin MANCIULA Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  • Antoanela POPOVICI Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  • Cristina ROȘU Babeş-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbambientum.2020.1.04

Keywords:

chromium, leather, waste, leachate, conductometric tests.

Abstract

Tanning is the most important operation in leather processing, which turned the leather into a non-putrefying material. Tanning may be carried out with chromium salts (III) or with a variety of other tanning agents. In present days, tanning with chromium salts (III) is the most widely used technique in industrial processing of leather, almost 90 % of leather goods being processed by this method. Taking into account the fact that the wastes from the leather and fur industry are framed by Commission Decision 532/2000 under code 04 01 08 (non hazardous), this study aim’s to analyze the leachability of total chromium from tanned and dyed leather waste originated from leather processing industries, in order to establish the environmental risks of them. Leachability tests, conductometric tests and determination of the refractive index were carried for three types of tanned leather waste (G-gray, Bn-brown, Bk-black), at different temperatures. The results shown that the values for the total chromium in leachate were higher than the maximum allowed concentration for the hazardous waste (MAC = 70 mg/kg). The leachability of total chromium increased at low temperatures (5-13°C) and at high temperatures (40-60°C). In Romania an important amount of tanned leather waste reaches the municipal landfills. These results indicate that the leather waste can be disposed only in special landfills for hazardous waste.

References

Alptekin E., Canakci M., Sanli H., 2012, Evaluation of leather industry wastes as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Fuel, 95, pp. 214–220.

BAT, 2013, Decision 84 of 2013 laying down the conclusions on best available techniques (BAT) under Directive 2010/75 / EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions (Text with EEA relevance EEA) Celex number: 32013D0084, integrated Pollution Prevention and Control, reference document on Best available Techniques for leather tanning, Ministry of Agriculture, Water, Forests and Environment.

CTC, 2000, Fourteenth Session of the leather and leather products industry panel, Wastes Generated in the Leather Products Industry, 13-15 dec 2000, Available at http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/import/userfiles/timminsk/leatherpanel14ctcwastes.pdf.

Decision 532, 2000, Commission Decision 532 of 3 May 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste. Official Journal L, 226, 6.9.2000, 3.

Directive 60, 2000; Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy). Official Journal L, 327, pp. 193-264.

Directive 105, 2008; Directive 2008/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directives 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC, 86/280/EEC and amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official Journal L, 348, pp. 84-97.

Directive 75, 2010, Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November, 2010, on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast), Official Journal L, 334, pp. 17-119.

Famielec S., Wieczorek-Ciurowa K., 2011, Waste from leather industry, Threats to the environment. Technical Transactions, pp. 43–48.

Frey M., McGuire M., 2004, Low-level hexavalent Chromium Treatment Options: Bench Scale Evaluation, Awwa Research Foundation, pp. 5-8.

GD 856, 2002, Government Decision no 856 from 2002l regarding the evidence of waste management and approving the list of wastes, including hazardous waste. Romanian Official Monitor part I, no. 659 from 05.09.2002.

Gode F., 2007, Removal of chromium ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption method, Chapter 9, Hazardous Materials and Wastewater, Nova Science Publishers, pp. 275-308.

Kirk O., 1992, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 6, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1084 p., New York.

Kolomaznik K., Adamek M., Andel I., Uhlirova M., 2008, Leather waste—Potential threat to human health, and a new technology of its treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 160, pp. 514–520.

Lixandru B., 1999, Ecology and Environmental protection, vol 1-2, Editura Presa Universitară, Timişoara.

Nogueira F.G.E., Castro I.A., Bastos A.R.R., Souza G.A., Carvalho J.G., Oliveira L.C.A., 2011, Recycling of solid waste rich in organic nitrogen from leather industry: Mineral nutrition of rice plants. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186, pp. 1064–1069.

OM 95, 2005, Order of Ministry no. 95 of 12 February 2005 establishing acceptance criteria and preliminary waste acceptance procedures in the storage and national waste list accepted in each class of landfill. Romanian Official Monitor, part I, no. 194 from 08.03.2005.

Popiţa G.E., Varga I., Gurzau A., Bence F., Redey A., Yuzhakova T., Haţegan R. M., Popovici A., Marutoiu C., 2013, Environmental impact and risk assessment in the area of the municipal non-sanitary landfill “Pata Rât” from Cluj - Napoca, Romania. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 12 (10), pp. 2031-2043.

Regulation 1272, 2008; Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006.

Vişan S., Ciobotaru V., Ghiga C., Florescu M., Coară Gh., 2002, Recycling technology in the protein leather industry in industrial applications, research project under the National Program MENER (C202/2002-2005), (RO), Available at http://www.management.ase.ro/reveconomia/2004-special1/30.pdf, accessed on 2020 June 12.

Yilmaz O., Kantarli C., Yuksel M., Saglam M., Yanik J., 2007, Conversion of leather wastes to useful products. Resources Conservation & Recycling, 49 , pp. 436-448.

STUDIA UBB AMBIENTUM, 65(LXV), 1, 2020

Downloads

Published

2020-06-30

How to Cite

POPIȚA, G.-E., MANCIULA, D., POPOVICI, A., & ROȘU, C. . (2020). CONDUCTOMETRIC TESTS AND TOTAL CHROMIUM LEACHABILITY IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION, FROM TANNED LEATHER WASTE. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Ambientum, 65(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbambientum.2020.1.04

Issue

Volume 65, No. 1, June 2020

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2020 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Ambientum

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.