Leaf heteroblasty and morphotypes of Acer monspessulanum (Djurdjura, Algeria) as revealed by traditional and geometric morphometrics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbbiol.2022.1.08Keywords:
Acer monspessulanum, Djurdjura, heteroblasty, leaf, morphotypes.Abstract
The genus Acer which is largely distributed in the Northern hemisphere is represented in Algeria by four species of which Acer monspessulanum is the most common. These four species and their putative hybrids are coexisting in many parts of their Algerian distribution range but their leaf morphology has not been the subject of quantitative analyses despite the interest of such kind of data in taxon delineation particularly in the case of interspecific hybridization. The present work is the first step towards a quantitative analysis of leaf morphology in Acer species in Algeria. We presently relied on traditional and geometric morphometrics methods in the study of Acer monspessulanum subsp. monspessulanum leaf morphology in two sites of the Djurdjura Mountain with consideration of tree and within-shoot effects. The results showed congruence between the two methods which both highlighted the presence of a marked heteroblasty. Basal leaves are twice as large as apical ones for all measured leaf features. The petiole is longer than the blade in basal leaves and inversely in apical ones. The median leaves have intermediate values. The results revealed also the coexistence of two contrasted leaf morphotypes on distinct trees of both sites.
Article history: Received: 7 April 2022; Revised: 27 May 2022; Accepted: 5 June 2022; Available online: 30 June 2022.
References
Ackerly, D.D., & Donoghue, M.J. (1998). Leaf size, sapling allometry, and Corner's rules: phylogeny and correlated evolution in Maples (Acer). Am Nat, 152(6), 767-791.
Adams, D.C., Rohlf, F.J., & Slice, D.E. (2004). Geometric morphometrics: ten years of progress following the ‘revolution’. Ital J Zoo, 71(1), 5-16.
Amini, T., Zare, H., & Alizadeh B. (2016). A revision of Acer monspessulanum L. in Iran; a new subspecies report. Ital Bot, 22, 121-124.
Battandier, J.A., & Trabut, L. (1888). Flore de l'Algérie, ancienne "Flore d'Alger" transformée: Dicotylédones [in French]. Librairie F. Savy. Paris.
Benabid, A. (2000). Flore et ecosystemes du Maroc [in French]. Editions Ibis Press. Paris.
Blue, M.P., & Jensen, R.J. (1988). Positional and seasonal variation in oak (Quercus; Fagaceae) leaf morphology. Am J Bot, 75(7), 939-947.
Bottacci, A. (2014). Acer peronai. In: Stimm, B., Roloff, A., Lang, U. M., & Weisgerber, H., editors. Enzyklopädie der Holzgewächse: Handbuch und Atlas der Dendrologie [in German]. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
Bruschi, P., Grossoni, P., & Bussotti, F. (2003). Within-and among-tree variation in leaf morphology of Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. natural populations. Trees, 17(2), 164-172.
Chitwood, D.H., & Otoni, W.C. (2017). Morphometric analysis of Passiflora leaves: the relationship between landmarks of the vasculature and elliptical Fourier descriptors of the blade. GigaScience, 6(1), 1-13.
Critchfield, W.B. (1971). Shoot growth and heterophylly in Acer. J Arnold Arbor, 52(2), 240-266.
De Jong, P.C. (1976). Flowering and sex expression in Acer L.: a biosystematic study. Veenman.
De Jong, P.C. (2019). Worldwide Maple Diversity. Originally published in The Proceedings of The International Maple Symposium, 2002. Digital re-edition for the Maple Society Open Science Initiative.
Dickinson, T.A., Phipps, J.B. (1985). Studies in Crataegus L. (Rosaceae: Maloideae). XIII. Degree and pattern of phenotypic variation in Crataegus sect. Crus-galli in Ontario. Syst Bot, 1, 322-337.
Eckenwalder, J.E. (1980). Foliar heteromorphism in Populus (Salicaceae), a source of confusion in the taxonomy of Tertiary leaf remains. Syst Bot, 1, 366-383.
Eckenwalder, J.E. (1996). Systematic and evolution of Populus. In: Stettler, R.F., Bradshaw, H.D., Heilman, P.E., Hinckley, T.M., editors. Biology of Populus and its implications for management and conservation. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 7–32.
Fennane, M., Tattou, M.I., El Oualidi, J. (2014). Flore pratique du Maroc: manuel de détermination des plantes vasculaires. Dicotyledones (pp), Monocotyledones [in French]. Institut Scientifique, Service d'édition.
Gratani, L. (2014). Plant phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental factors. Advances in botany, 2014, 208747.
Grimm, G.W., Denk, T., & Hemleben, V. (2007). Evolutionary history and systematics of Acer section Acer–a case study of low-level phylogenetics. Plant Syst Evol, 267(1), 215-253.
Herrera, C.M. (2009). Multiplicity in unity. Plant subindividual variation and interactions with animals. University of Chicago Press, Chigago.
Houle, G. (1999). Mast seeding in Abies balsamea, Acer saccharum and Betula alleghaniensis in an old growth, cold temperate forest of north‐eastern North America. J Ecol, 87(3), 413-422.
Jaouadi, W., Mechergui, K., Alsubeie, M., & Naghmouchi, S. (2020). Stem volume estimate using an allometric equation model: a case study of Acer monspessulanum stands in Tunisia. Sci For, 48(126), e3318.
Jensen, R. J0, Ciofani, K.M., Miramontes, L.C. (2002). Lines, outlines, and landmarks: morphometric analyses of leaves of Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum (Aceraceae) and their hybrid. Taxon, 51(3), 475-492.
Klingenberg, C.P. (2010). Evolution and development of shape: integrating quantitative approaches. Nat Rev Genet, 11(9), 623-635.
Klingenberg, C.P., Duttke, S., Whelan, S., & Kim, M. (2012). Developmental plasticity, morphological variation and evolvability: a multilevel analysis of morphometric integration in the shape of compound leaves. J Evol Biol, 25(1), 115-129.
Kusi, J., & Karsai, I. (2020). Plastic leaf morphology in three species of Quercus: The more exposed leaves are smaller, more lobated and denser. Plant Species Biol, 35(1), 24-37.
Lapie, G., & Maige, A. (1916). Flore forestière de l'Algérie [in French]. Librairie générale de l'Enseignement. ORLHAC. Paris.
Le Floc'h, E., Boulos, L., & Véla, E. (2010). Catalogue synonymique commenté de la flore de Tunisie [in French]. Ministère de l'environnement et du développement durable. Tunisie.
Li, X., Li, Y., Zhang, Z., & Li, X. (2015). Influences of Environmental Factors on Leaf Morphology of Chinese Jujubes. PLoS ONE, 10(5), e0127825.
Marcysiak, K. (2012). Variation of leaf shape of Salix herbacea in Europe. Plant Syst Evol, 298(8), 1597-1607.
Mechergui, K., Jaouadi, W., & Khouja, M.L. (2018). Dendroecology of Montpellier maple’s population (Acer monspessulanum) from the North Africa region: Analysis of maple stations characteristics and natural habitat. Plant Biosyst, 152(1), 98-109.
Mediouni, K., & Azira, F. (1992). Contribution à l’étude de la dynamique des formations à Erables (Acer) d’Ait-Ouabane (Djurdjura) [in French]. Forêt méditerranénne, 13(2), 109-114.
Morel, J., Le Moguédec, G., & Munzinger, J. (2021). Multivariate morphometric analysis supported by an anatomical approach to assess species delimitation in Xyris (Xyridaceae) in New Caledonia. Bot J Linn Soc, 196(3), 329-342.
Navarro-Cerrillo, R.M., Manzanedo, R.D., Bohorque, J., Sánchez, R., Sánchez, J., de Miguel, S., Solano, D., Qarro, M., Griffth, D., & Palacios, G. (2013). Structure and spatio-temporal dynamics of cedar forests along a management gradient in the Middle Atlas, Morocco. For Ecol Manag, 289, 341-353.
Navarro-Cerrillo, R.M., Manzanedo, R.D., Rodriguez-Vallejo, C., Gazol, A., Palacios-Rodriguez, G., & Camarero, J.J. (2020). Competition modulates the response of growth to climate in pure and mixed Abies pinsapo subsp. maroccana forests in northern Morocco. For Ecol Manag, 459,117847.
Nikzat-Siahkolaee, S., Sheidai, M., Assadi, M., Noormohammadi, Z., & Ghasemzadeh-Baraki, S. (2021). Infra-specific variation of Acer cappadocicum (Sapindaceae): morphological and molecular approaches. Braz J Bot, 44(1), 149-163.
Ogata, K. (1967). A systematic study of the genus Acer. Bulletin of the Tokyo University Forests. 63, 89-206.
Pabón-Mora, N., & González, F. (2012). Leaf development, metamorphic heteroblasty and heterophylly in Berberis sl (Berberidaceae). Bot Rev, 78(4), 463-489.
Pavlinov, I.Y. (2001). Geometric morphometrics, a new analytical approach to comparison of digitized images. Zoological Journal of Moscow, 79, 1–27.
Pignatti, S. (1982). Flora d’Italia [in Italian]. Edagricol, Bologna, 2, 67-70.
Powell, G.R., Tosh, K.J., & MacDonald, J.E. (1982). Indeterminate shoot extension and heterophylly in Acer saccharum. Can J For Res, 12(2), 166-170.
Proietti, E., Filesi, L., Di Marzio, P., Di Pietro, R., Masin, R., Conte, A.L., & Fortini, P. (2021). Morphology, geometric morphometrics, and taxonomy in relict deciduous oaks woods in northern Italy. Rend Lincei-Sci Fis, 32(3), 549-564.
Quezel, P., & Santa, S. (1963). Nouvelle flore de l'Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales [In French]. Vol 2, CNRS. Paris.
Rohlf, F.J. (1990). Morphometrics. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst, 21(1), 299–316.
Rohlf, F.J., & Marcus, L.F. (1993). A revolution in morphometrics. Trends Ecol Evol, 8(4), 129–132.
Rohlf, F.J. (2015). The tps series of software. Hystrix, 26(1), 9-12.
Royer, D.L., McElwain, J.C., Adams, J.M., & Wilf, P. (2008). Sensitivity of leaf size and shape to climate within Acer rubrum and Quercus kelloggii. New Phytol, 179, 808–817.
Royer, D.L., Meyerson, L.A., Robertson, K.M., & Adams, J.M. (2009). Phenotypic Plasticity of Leaf Shape along a Temperature Gradient in Acer rubrum. PLoS ONE, 4(10), e7653.
Seki, N. (2019). Türkġye’de bulunan Acer L. (Sapindaceae) cġnsġnġn sġstematġk revġzyonu [in Turkish]. Kastamonu Ünġversġtesġ, Kastamonu.
Slavov, G.T., & Zhelev, P. (2011). Salient biological features, systematics, and genetic variation of Populus. In: Jansson, S., Bhalerao, R., & Groover, A., editors. Genetics and genomics of Populus. Vol 8. Springer, New York (NY), p. 15-38.
Spriggs, E.L., Schmerler, S.B., Edwards, E.J., & Donoghue, M.J. (2018). Leaf form evolution in Viburnum parallels variation within individual plants. Am Nat, 191(2), 235-249.
Steingraeber, D.A. (1982). Heterophylly and neoformation of leaves in sugar Maple (Acer saccharum). Am J Bot, 69(8), 1277-1282.
Tanai, T. (1978). Taxonomical investigation of the living species of the genus Acer L., based on vein architecture of leaves. 18(3), 243-282.
Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M., & Webb, D.A. (1978). Flora Europaea, vol. 2. Rosaceae to Umbelliferea. Cambridge University.
Van Gelderen, D.M., De Jong, P.C., & Oterdoom, H.J. (1994). Maples of the world. Oregon. Timber Press.
Viscosi, V., & Cardini, A. (2011). Leaf morphology, taxonomy and geometric morphometrics: a simplified protocol for beginners. PloS One, 6(10), e25630.
Viscosi, V., Lepais, O., Gerber, S., & Fortini, P. (2009). Leaf morphological analyses in four European oak species (Quercus) and their hybrids: A comparison of traditional and geometric morphometric methods. Plant Biosyst, 143(3), 564-574.
Vlasveld, C., O’Leary, B., Udovicic, F., & Burd, M. (2018). Leaf heteroblasty in Eucalyptus: Biogeographic evidence of ecological function. Australian Journal of Botany, 66(3), 191-201.
Wesołowski, T., Rowiński, P., & Maziarz, M. (2015). Interannual variation in tree seed production in a primeval temperate forest: does masting prevail? Eur J For Res, 134, 99-112.
Yahi, N., Djellouli, Y. & De Foucault, B. (2008). Diversité florrestiques et biogéographique des cédraies d’Algérie [in French]. Acta Bot Gallica, 155(3), 389-402.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Biologia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
