LANGUAGE AND PUBLICS IN A GLOBAL DIGITAL WORLD. WHAT IS LINGUISTIC CITIZENSHIP IN THE 21ST CENTURY?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2020.2.03Keywords:
languages, nationalism, public spaces, standardization, late modernityAbstract
In this article, I discuss language from a linguistic anthropological perspective, where the existence of standardised languages is understood as an outcome of socio-political discourses in the age of nationalism, in which the technologies of print literacy enabled national public spaces – and with it, national language standards – to emerge. What happens to language standards and public spaces in the era of digital technologies and transnational interaction? I introduce some examples and develop ideas on language policing in settings where monolingual national ideals exist besides other emerging linguistic authorities.References
Androutsopoulos, Jannis (2016), "Theorizing Media, Mediation and Mediatization" in Coupland, Nikolas (ed.), Sociolinguistics. Theoretical Debates, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 282-302.
Bell, Alan (2016), "Succeeding Waves: Seeking Sociolinguistic Theory for the Twenty-First Century" in Coupland, Nikolas (ed.), Sociolinguistics. Theoretical Debates, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 391-416.
Blommaert, Jan (2018), Durkheim and the Internet. Sociolinguistics and the Sociological Imagination, London: Bloomsbury.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1999), Language and Symbolic Power, Harvard: Harvard University Press.
——— (1980 (2000)), "The Production and Reproduction of Legitimate Language" In Burke, Lucy et al. (eds.), The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory Reader, London: Routledge, 467-77.
——— (1980 (2005)), Was Heisst Sprechen? Die Ökonomie Des Sprachlichen Tausches, Wien: Braumüller.
Buolamwini, Joy (07.02.2019), "Artificial Intelligence Has a Problem with Gender and Racial Bias. Here’s How to Solve It." TIME. https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/ [accessed 16.12.20].
Buolamwini, Joy; Gebru, Timnit (2018), "Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification" Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, 81, 1-15.
Canagarajah, Suresh (2013), Translingual Practice. Global Englishes and Cosmpolitan Relations, London: Routledge.
Derrida, Jacques (1974), Of Grammatology, Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Farrell, Emily (2019), "Language, Economy, and the International Artist Community in Berlin" in Heyd, Theresa; Schneider, Britta; von Mengden, Ferdinand (eds.), The Sociolinguistic Economy of Berlin, Berlin: de Gruyter, 145-66.
Foucault, Michel (1970 (2000)), "The Discourse of Language" in Burke, Lucy; Crowley, Tony; Girvin, Alan (eds.), The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory Reader, London: Routledge, 231-40.
Gal, Susan (2016), "Sociolinguistic Differentiation." in Coupland, Nikolas (ed.), Sociolinguistics. Theoretical Debates, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 113-135.
Gal, Susan (2001), "Linguistic Theories and National Images in 19th Century Hungary" in Gal, Susan; Woolard, Kathryn A. (eds.), Languages and Publics. The Making of Authority, New York: Routledge, 30-45.
Gal, Susan, and Judith T. Irvine (2019), Signs of Difference. Language and Ideology in Social Life, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gal, Susan; Woolard, Kathryn A. (1995), "Constructing Languages and Publics: Authority and Representation.", Pragmatics, 5, 129-138.
——— (2001), "Constructing Languages and Publics: Authority and Representation", In Gal, Susan; Woolard, Kathryn A. (eds.), Languages and Publics. The Making of Authority, New York: Routledge, 1-12.
———(2001), Languages and Publics: The Making of Authority, Manchester: St.Jerome.
Gaudio, Rudolf P. (2003), "Starbucks and the Commercialization of Casual Conversation" Language in Society, 32, 659-691.
Giesecke, Michael (1991), Der Buchdruck in Der Frühen Neuzeit. Eine Historische Fallstudie Über Die Durchsetzung Neuer Informations- Und Kommunikationstechnologien, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Hackert, Stephanie (2012), The Emergence of the English Native Speaker. A Chapter in Nineteenth-Century Linguistic Thought, Berlin: de Gruyter.
Heyd, Theresa; Schneider, Britta (2019), "Anglophone Communities in Germany: The Case of Berlin" in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), English in the German-Speaking World, Cambridge: CUP, 143-164.
——— (2019): "The Sociolinguistics of Late Modern Publics.", Journal of Sociolinguistics, 23, 435-449.
Jaworski, Adam; Coupland Nikolas (2006), "Introduction. Perspectives on Discourse Analysis" in Jaworski, Adam; Coupland, Nikolas (eds.), The Discourse Reader, London: Routledge, 1-37.
Kempen, Gerard; Harbusch, Karin (2016), "Verb-Second Word Order after German Weil ‘Because’: Psycholinguistic Theory from Corpus-Linguistic Data" Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 1: doi:10.5334/gjgl.46.
Kloock, Daniela (2008), "Oralität und Literalität" in Kloock, Daniela; Spahr, Angela (eds.), Medientheorien: Eine Einführung, Stuttgart: UTB, 237-267.
Koch, Peter; Oesterreicher, Wulf (1985), "Sprache der Nähe – Sprache der Distanz. Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit im Spannungsfeld von Sprachtheorie und Sprachgeschichte." in Deutschmann, Olaf; Flasche, Hans; König, Bernhard; Kruse, Margot; Pabst, Walter; Stempel, Wolf-Dieter (eds.), Romanistsiches Jahrbuch, Berlin: de Gruyter, 15-43.
Kräge, Sophia (13.08.2017), "Spricht Ihre Kneipe Noch Deutsch?" Berliner Kurier.
Kroskrity, Paul V. (2001), "Language Ideology.", in Östman, Jan-Ola; Verschueren, Jef (eds.), Handbook of Pragmatics, www.benjamins.com/
online/hop/ [accessed 16.12.20], Amsterdam Benjamins.
Linell, Per (1982), The Written Language Bias in Linguistics, Linköping: The University of Linköping.
Love, Nigel; Ansaldo, Umberto (2010), "The Native Speaker and the Mother Tongue" Language Sciences 32, 589-593.
McLuhan, Marshall (1962), The Gutenberg Galaxy. The Making of Typographic Man, London: University of Toronto Press.
Merton, Robert K. (1968), "The Matthew Effect in Science. The Reward and Communication Systems of Science Are Considered", Science, 159, 56-63.
Metten, Thomas (2014), Kulturwissenschaftliche Linguistik. Entwurf Einer Medientheorie Der Verständigung, Berlin: de Gruyter.
Mills, Sara (1997), Discourse, London: Routledge.
Oltermann, Philip (14.08.2017), "Berliners Frustrated over Restaurants Where No German Is Spoken. German Mps Say Some Waiters Only Speak English and That It Ostracises Native Population from Life in the Capital", The Guardian.
Ong, Walter J. (1982), Orality and Literacy. The Technologizing of the Word, London: Routledge.
Pennycook, Alastair (2004), "Performativity and Language Studies", Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 1, 1-19.
Pennycook, Alastair; Otsuji; Emi (2015), Metrolingualism. Language in the City, London: Routledge.
Rampton, Ben (1996), "Displacing the Native Speaker: Expertise, Inheritance and Affiliation" in Hedge, Tricia; Whitney, Norman (eds.), Power, Pedagogy and Practice, Oxford: Oxford Unviersity Press, 17-22.
Saussure, Ferdinand de (1913 (1993)), Cours De Linguistique Générale. (Course in General Linguistics), London: Duckworth.
Schneider, Britta (2020), "Language in Transnational Communities of Consumption – Indexical Functions of English in Third Wave Coffee Culture" in Mühleisen, Susanne; Sofia Rüdiger (eds.), Talking About Food: The Local and the Global in Eating Communities, Amsterdam: Benjamins, 79-98.
——— (2019), "Methodological Nationalism in Linguistics" Language Sciences, 76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2018.05.006 [accessed 16.12.20].
——— (2014), Salsa, Language and Transnationalism, Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Silverstein, Michael (1979), "Language Structure and Linguistic Ideology." in Clyne, Paul R.; Hanks William F.; Hofbauer, Carol L. (eds.), The Elements: A Parasession on Linguistic Units and Levels, Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society, 193-247
Spahn, Jens (2017), "Sprechen Sie Doch Deutsch!" DIE ZEIT, 24.08.2017.
Wilk, Richard (2006), Home Cooking in the Global Village. Oxford: Berg.
Wimmer, Andreas, and Nina Glick Schiller (2002), "Methodological Nationalism and Beyond: Nation-State Building, Migration and the Social Sciences." Global Networks 2, no. 4, 301-334.
Woolard, Kathryn A (1998), "Introduction. Language Ideology as Field of Inquiry." in Schieffelin, Bambi B.; Woolard, Kathryn A.; Kroskrity, Paul V. (eds.), Language Ideologies. Practice and Theory, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3-47.
Zeit Online (29.29.2020), "DeepL" macht Google Translate Konkurrenz. https://www.zeit.de/news/2020-09/29/deepl-macht-google-translate-konkurrenz [accessed 16.12.20].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Europaea
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
