ROMANIAN RHETORIC ON CHINA’S 16+1. DIFFRACTION OF POLITICS AND ECONOMICS

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2019.1.08

Keywords:

Romania, China, 16 1 platform, cooperation, regional politics

Abstract

From an epistemological prospect, the upsurge of the conventional establishment within the New World Order remains mutually conditional at times, yet different at a notional level. Regarded as an innovative tool in Central and Eastern Europe, 16+1 is a cooperation platform solely conceived in China’s laboratory of regional diplomacy. Quintessentially, terms associated with China’s 16+1 remain diffused and altered, despite the pursuit of accelerating the concretization of the platform itself and the adjacent projects. Therefore, this article plans to explore how these fractions reflect in Central and Eastern Europe on a smaller scale, namely through analyzing China’s 16+1 platform in the case of Romania.

References

Beijing Review (2017), "A Welcome Catalyst for Sino-Romanian Ties", [http://www.bjreview.com/Opinion/201705/t20170504_800095401.html], 3 December 2018.

Bernhard, Michael; Jasiewicz, Krzysztof, (2015), "Whither Eastern Europe? Changing Approaches and Perspectives on the Region in Political Science" in East European Politics and Societies and Cultures, no. 2, vol. 29, pp. 311-322.

Cerban, Mădălina (2016), "Cioloș: Centrul pentru Dialog și Cooperare în domeniul proiectelor energetice, înființat la București" in Agerpres, [https://www.agerpres.ro/politica/2016/11/05/ciolos-centrul-pentru-dialog-si-cooperare-indomeniul-proiectelor-energetice-infiintat-la-bucuresti-19-50-13], 20 November 2018.

Cox, Michael, (2013), "After the West? Toward a New International System", in Geir Lundestad (ed.), International Relations Since the End of the Cold War. New and Old Dimensions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 269-289.

Duke, Simon, (2017), Europe as a Stronger Global Actor. Challenges and Strategic Responses, London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Fang, Cai; Garnaut, Ross; Song, Ligang, (2018), "40 years of China's reform and development: How reform captured China's demographic dividend", in Fang, Cai; Garnaut, Ross; Song, Ligang (eds.), China's 40 Years of Reform and Development: 1978-2018, Acton: The Australian National University Press, pp. 5-25.

Gerstl, Alfred (2018), "China's New Silk Roads. Categorising and Grouping the World: Beijing’s 16+1+X European Formula" in Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies, issue 1, vol. 10, pp. 31-58.

Government of Romania/Chancellery of the Prime Minister (2013), "The Bucharest Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries", [http://gov.ro/en/news/the-bucharest-guidelines-for-cooperation-between-china-and-central-and-eastern-european-countries], 19 November 2018.

Government of Romania/Chancellery of the Prime Minister (2019), "Participarea prim-ministrului României, Viorica Dăncilă, la Summit-ul șefilor de guvern ai formatului cooperării 16+1/Europa Centrală și de Est–R.P. Chineză", [http://gov.ro/ro/stiri/participarea-prim-ministrului-romaniei-viorica-dancila-la-summit-ul-sefilor-de-guvern-ai-formatului-cooperarii-16-1-europa-centrala-i-de-est-r-p-chineza&page=1], 12 April 2019.

Gower, Jackie, (2012), "Towards one Europe?", in Sakwa, Richard; Stevens, Anne (eds.), Contemporary Europe, Third Edition, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 52-53.

Grieger, Gisela (2018), "China, the 16+1 format and the EU", Briefing of the European Parliament PE 625.173, Brussels: European Parliament Research Service, [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2018/625173/EPRS_BRI(2018)625173_EN.pdf], 12 April 2019.

Hala, Martin, (2018), "Forging a New " in Journal of Democracy, no. 2, vol. 29, pp. 83-89.

Hasselbach, Christoph (2012), "Romania blocks Serbia's EU candidacy, for now" in DW News, [https://www.dw.com/en/romania-blocks-serbias-eu-candidacy-for-now/a-15774734], 16 April 2019.

Hrubec, Marek, (2018), "Innovation in Understanding and Cooperating the Macro-Regions: The Potential of Promotion of the <16+1 Cooperation> and the Belt and Road Initiative" in Huang, Ping; Liu, Zuokui (eds.), How the 16+1 Cooperation promotes the Belt and Road Initiative, Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, pp. 34-53.

Investment and Development Agency of Latvia (2016), "About", [http://ceec-chinalatvia.org/page/about], 19 November 2018.

Jakóbowski, Jakub (2018), "Chinese-led Regional Multilateralism in Central and Eastern Europe, Africa and Latin America: 16 + 1, FOCAC, and CCE" in Journal of Contemporary China, no. 113, vol. 25, pp. 659-673.

Jian, Chen, (2013), "China's Prolonged Rise. Legitimacy Challenges and Dilemmas in the Reform and Opening-Up Era", in Geir Lundestad (ed.), International Relations Since the End of the Cold War. New and Old Dimensions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 246-268.

Long, Jing (2016), "Opportunities and Challenges of the Belt and Road Initiative in Central and Eastern Europe", (‘一带一路’倡议在中东欧地区的机遇和挑战, Yidai yilu changyi zai zhongdongou diqu de jiyu he tiaozhan) in Guoji guancha, no. 3, pp. 118-130.

Lundestad, Geir, (2013), "Introduction: The Past", in Geir Lundestad (ed.), International Relations Since the End of the Cold War. New and Old Dimensions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1-15.

Manners, Ian, (2002), "Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?" in Journal of Common Market Studies, no. 2, vol. 40, pp. 235-258.

Manners, Ian, (2008), "The normative ethics of the European Union" in International Affairs, no. 1, vol. 84, pp. 45-60.

Ming, Wan (2016), The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. The Construction of Power and the Struggle for the East Asian International Order, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2014), "Participarea secretarului de stat Radu Podgorean la reuniunea coordonatorilor naţionali din Forumul de cooperare China – ECE", [http://mae.ro/node/26655] 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2015), "Participarea secretarului de stat Radu Podgorean la reuniunea coordonatorilor naționali ai formatului de cooperare R. P. Chineză-Europa Centrală și de Est", [http://mae.ro/node/34372], 13 November 2018).

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2015), "Participarea secretarului de stat Radu Podgorean la reuniunea coordonatorilor naţionali ai Cooperării China – state din Europa Centrală și de Est", [http://mae.ro/node/32881], 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2016), "Consultări bilaterale între secretarul de stat pentru afaceri globale, Daniela Gîtman, și ministrul asistent al afacerilor externe din Republica Populară Chineză Liu Haixing", [http://mae.ro/node/38500], 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2016), "Întrevederea secretarului de stat Daniela Gîtman cu delegația Comisiei pentru afaceri externe a Adunării Naționale Populare a R. P. Chineze", [http://mae.ro/node/37768], 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2016), "Întrevederea secretarului de stat Radu Podgorean cu o delegaţie de lucru a MAE chinez pentru cooperarea 16+1", [http://mae.ro/node/35394], 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2016), "Participarea secretarului de stat Alexandru Victor Micula la reuniunea coordonatorilor naţionali ai Forumului de cooperare China - Europa Centrală şi de Est (16+1)", [http://mae.ro/node/38811], 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2016), "Participarea secretarului de stat Alexandru Victor Micula la reuniunea coordonatorilor naţionali ai Cooperării China - Europa Centrală şi de Est", [http://mae.ro/node/37600], 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2017), "Participarea secretarului de stat pentru afaceri bilaterale globale, Monica Gheorghiță, la reuniunea coordonatorilor naționali ai Cooperării China - Europa Centrală şi de Est (16+1)", [http://mae.ro/node/43598], 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2017), "România va găzdui prima conferință ministerială și târgul în domeniul energiei în cadrul formatului de cooperare China – Statele Europei Centrale și de Est (16+1)", [http://mae.ro/node/43935], 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2017), "România va organiza la București Forumul partidelor politice din formatul Cooperării China - Europa Centrală şi de Est (16+1)", 2017, [http://mae.ro/node/42469], 13 November 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2018), "Parteneriatul Strategic cu Republica Coreea", [https://www.mae.ro/node/4854], 2 December 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania (2018), "Vizita ministrului afacerilor externe Tedor Meleșcanu în Republica India", [http://mae.ro/node/47532], 2 April 2019.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania, "Parteneriate strategice și relații speciale, Republica Moldova", [http://mae.ro/node/1677], 16 April 2019.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania, "Relația Specială a României cu Japonia", Bucharest, [https://www.mae.ro/node/4853], 2 December 2018.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China (2014), "The Belgrade Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries", [https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/t1224905.shtml], 11 April 2019.

Oehler-Șincai, Iulia Monica (2018), "Political values: A sensitive issue almost absent from Romania's relations with China" in Rühlig, Tim Nicholas; Jerdén, Björn; van der Putten, Frans-Paul; Seaman, John; Otero-Iglesias, Miguel; Ekman, Alice (eds.), Political values in Europe-China relations, ETNC Report, pp. 75-78.

Oehler-Șincai, Iulia Monica; Liu, Minru (2018), "Sino-Romanian relations under the New World Order", in Weiqing Song (ed.), China's Relations with Central and Eastern Europe. From "Old Comrades" to New Partners, London, New York: Routledge, pp. 170-198.

Pantea, Ana, "One Belt, One Road Initiative and Its Geostrategic Significance for Eastern Europe", in Knowledge-Based Organization, doi: 10.1515/kbo-2018-0025, vol. XXIV, no. 1, 2018, pp. 171-179.

Patrick, Stewart, (2013), "The Evolving Structure of World Politics, 1991-2001", in Geir Lundestad (ed.), International Relations Since the End of the Cold War. New and Old Dimensions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 16-41.

Pavlićević, Dragan, (2018), " and : Politics of Dreams and Fears in China-Central and Eastern European Relations" in Journal of Contemporary China, no. 113, vol. 27, pp. 688-702.

Petrova, Tsveta, (2015), "Diffusion and the Production of Eastern Europe" in East European Politics and Societies and Cultures, no. 2, vol. 29, pp. 487-503.

Ping, Huang; Liu, Zuokui; et. al., (2017), The Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries (16+1): 2012-2017, Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.

Richet Xavier (2018), "The 16+1 Format: Chinese presence in fragmented markets on the periphery of Europe", in Xin Chen and Zhigao He (eds.), 16+1 Cooperation and China-EU Relationship, Budapest: China-CEE Institute Nonprofit Ltd., [https://china-cee.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Xavier-Richet.pdf], 16 April 2019.

Ritzer, George, (2011), Globalization: The Essentials, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

Song, Weiqing, (2018), "China's Long March to Central and Eastern Europe" in European Review, no. 26, vol. 4, pp. 755-766.

Stanzel, Angela (2016), "Dividing without antagonizing: China's 16+1 image problem", in Angela Stanzel et. al., China's Investment in Influence: The Future of 16+1 Cooperation, London: European Council on Foreign Relations, pp. 3-5.

Suokas, Janne (2016), "Romania seeks to join Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank" in GB Times, [http://gbtimes.com/business/romania-seeks-join-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank], 19 November 2018.

The State Council of the People's Republic of China (2018), "The Sofia Guidelines for Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries", [http://english.gov.cn/news/international_exchanges/2018/07/16/content_281476224693086.htm], 11 April 2019.

Vangeli, Anastas, (2018), "16+1 as a Laboratory: Lessons China's New Relations with CESEE Can Teach Us about the Future of the Belt and Road Initiative" in Huang, Ping; Liu, Zuokui (eds.), How the 16+1 Cooperation promotes the Belt and Road Initiative, Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, pp. 1-15.

Xinhua News Agency (2019), "Romania willing to promote relations with China: president", [http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/europe/201904/17/c_137983848. htm], 20 April 2019.

Yuan, Ling (2018), "How China and Hungary have boosted ties in recent years" in Xinhua, [http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/01/c_137575090.htm], 2 April 2019.

Downloads

Published

2019-06-20

How to Cite

SAVA, R. (2019). ROMANIAN RHETORIC ON CHINA’S 16+1. DIFFRACTION OF POLITICS AND ECONOMICS. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Europaea, 64(1), 132–155. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2019.1.08

Issue

Section

Articles