THE UNITED NATIONS’ APPROACH ON SECURITY SECTOR REFORM. THE CASE OF LIBYA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2019.2.11Keywords:
United Nations, security sector reform, Libya, SSR programs, conflict-afflicted countries, Security StudiesAbstract
This article reviews the concept of Security Sector Reform and its application in conflict-afflicted countries – the case which is discussed being Libya. In the first section of the text, the emergence of the concept in the field of Security Studies is illustrated; additionally, the paper highlights the actors that actively engage in Security Sector Reform programs with a central focus on the United Nations. Challenges that the United Nations model face are later presented – with emphasis on the short-term mandates and the unrenewed as well as the universally applied Security Sector Reform guidelines. The last part of the article represents an analysis of the United Nations-led Security Sector Reform programme in Libya and the goal here is to illustrate how the challenges presented at the beginning of the article can be traced in the case of the northern-African country.References
Annan, Kofi A. (2000), We the Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the twenty-first century, Report of the Secretary-General, The Millennium Assembly of the United Nations.
Annan, Kofi A. (2005), In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All, New York: United Nations.
Anter, Andreas (2014), Max Weber’s Theory of the Modern State, New York: Palgrave McMillan.
Chanaa, Jane (2005), Security Sector Reform: Issues, Challenges and Prospects, 1st edition, London: Routledge.
Gebremichael, Mesfin et. al. (2018), Libya Conflict Insight, Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Peace & Security Report, vol. I, Addis Ababa University.
Hendrickson, Dylan (1999), ”A Review of Security-Sector Reform”, The Journal of Leadership and Developing Societies, September 1999 [http://leadershipandsocieties.com/index.php/lds].
International Security Sector Advisory Team and Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance, “SSR in a Nutshell”, ISSAT and DCAF, Resource Library – Tools, 2017 [https://issat.dcaf.ch/content/download/2970/25352/file/ISSAT%20LEVEL%201%20TRAINING%20MANUAL%20-%20SSR%20IN%20A%20NUTSHELL%20-%205.2.pdf].
Kaldor, Mary (2007), Human Security, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Landen Garland (2012), 2011 Libyan Civil War, Delhi: White Word Publications.
OECD DAC (2007), Handbook on Security Sector Reform, Organization for Cooperation and Development [https://issat.dcaf.ch/download/478/3015/OECD%20DAC%20Handbook%20on%20SSR.pdf].
Sayigh, Yezid (2015), Crumbling States – Security Sector Reform in Libya and Yemen [https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/194040/Paper_Yezid-Sayigh_crumbling_states.pdf].
Sedra, Mark (2017), Security Sector Reform in Conflict-Affected Countries, New York: Routledge.
United Nations (2004), Report of The High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change on a More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, New York: United Nations.
United Nations (2008), Securing Peace and Development: The Role of the United Nations in Supporting Security Sector Reform, Report of the Secretary-General, A/62/659–S/2008/39, UN Secretary General, 23rd of January 2008 [https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/62/659].
United Nations (2012), Integrated Technical Guidance Notes, United Nations SSR Task Force [https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/un_integrated_technical_guidance_notes_on_ssr_1.pdf].
United Nations (2014), S/RES/2151, UN Security Council, 28th of April 2014, [https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2151(2014)].
United Nations (2019) United Nations Support Mission in Libya [https://unsmil.unmissions.org/mandate].
United Nations (2019), “Security Sector Reform”, in United Nations Peacekeeping [https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/security-sector-reform].
Watanabe, Lisa (2019), “UN Mediation in Libya: Peace Still a Distant Prospect”, in CSS Analysis in Security Policy no. 246, [https://css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/pdfs/CSSAnalyse246-EN.pdf].
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Europaea
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.