THE BUCHAREST 9 FORMAT BETWEEN RATIONAL AMBITIOUS GOALS AND REAL INFLUENCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2022.2.07Keywords:
Bucharest Nine format, NATO, security, Eastern Flank, Ukraine.Abstract
The 2014 invasion of Crimea, plus the hard policies displayed by Russia in the East Europe produced concern in the region. Most of the states located there, even NATO members felt they need extra defence measures, more cooperation and more help from the alliance. One major step was the formation of the Bucharest Nine format, which, despite its rather informal feature, tried to increase security benefits of its members. The article aims to analyse in a holistic manner the formation, goals, achievements and future perspectives of the B9 format.
References
Banasik, Mirosław (2021), “Bucharest Nine in The Process of Strategic Deterrence on NATO’s Eastern Flank”, The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies, 1, 27–53.
Crețu, Vasile; Ardeleanu, Dragoș (2018), “The Revival of The Intermarium Geopolitical Project. The Three Seas Initiative and Bucharest 9 Format”, Romanian Intelligence Studies Review, 19-20, 331-344.
Gherasymchuk, Sergiy (2021), “NATO’s Bucharest Nine: Nothing Quiet on The Eastern Flank”, Foreign Policy Council ‘Ukrainian Prism’, 29 December, 2021.
Kirk-Wade, Esme; Balakrishnan, Sanjana (2022), “Defence Spending Pledges by NATO Members since Russia invaded Ukraine”, House of Commons Library, 11 August, 2022.
Levy, Jonathan (2006), The Intermarium: Wilson, Madison, & East Central European Federalism, Dissertation.com.
Orzelska-Staczek, Agnieszka; Bajda, Piotr (2021), “Security Aspects of Regional Cooperation In Central Europe: Visegrád Group, Bucharest Nine, And The Three Seas Initiative”, Online Journal Modelling The New Europe, 37, 4-23.
Rotaru, Vasile; Andreas Umland (2017), “How Romania and Poland Can Strengthen NATO and the EU. Two New Cooperation Initiatives Could Improve Regional Security”, Foreign Affairs, 10 November, 2017.
Szelachowska, Ksenia (2016), “The Revival of Intermarium: Poland Can Talk the Talk but Can It Walk the Walk?”, Stratfor, 14 January, 30 October, 2022.
Terlikowski, Marcin; Jóźwiak, Veronika; Ogrodnik, Łukasz; Pieńkowski, Jakub; Raś, Kinga (2018), “The Bucharest 9: Delivering on the Promise to Become the Voice of the Eastern Flank”, in The Polish Institute of International Affairs Policy Paper, 164(4), 1-8.
“Address by the President of the Republic of Poland Mr Andrzej Duda before the National Assembly”, https://www.president.pl/news/address-by-the-president-of-the-republic-of-poland-mr-andrzej-duda-before-the-national-assembly,35979
“Bilateral visit of President of Romania, Mr. Klaus Iohannis, in the Republic of Poland and his participation in the High Level Meeting of the Bucharest Format (B9), on 7-8 June 2018”, https://www.presidency.ro/en/media/press-releases/bilateral-visit-of-president-of-romania-mr-klaus-iohannis-in-the-republic-of-poland-and-his-participation-in-the-high-level-meeting-of-the-bucharest-format-b9-on-7-8-june
“Declaration of the heads of state Bucharest 9 meeting”, 10 June 2022, https://www.president.pl/news/declaration-of-the-heads-of-state-bucharest-9-meeting-,55290
“International Academic Conference: ‘The Intermarium in the 21st Century: Visions, Architectures, Feasibilities’”, https://www.lazarski.pl/en/news/news/international-academic-conference-the-intermarium-in-the-21st-century-visions-architectures-fea/
“Joint Declaration on Allied Solidarity and Shared Responsibility” 4.11.2015, https://www.prezident.sk/en/article/joint-declaration-on-allied-solidarity-and-shared-responsibility/
“Romania hosts Bucharest Format (B9) Summit at parliamentary level. President Iohannis: National parliaments of B9 countries play essential role in equitable sharing of burdens inside NATO”, https://www.nineoclock.ro/2018/04/19/romania-hosts-bucharest-format-b9-summit-at-parliamentary-level-president-iohannis-national-parliaments-of-b9-countries-play-essential-role-in-equitable-sharing-of-burdens-inside-nato/
“Romanian president's visit fosters closer ties”, https://www.president.pl/president-komorowski/news/romanian-presidents-visit-fosters-closer-ties,39076
Three Seas Initiative, https://3seas.eu/?lang=en/
Warsaw Summit Key Decisions, 2016, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2017_02/20170206_1702-factsheet-warsaw-summit-key-en.pdf
Warsaw Summit Communiqué, 2016, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_133169.htm/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Europaea
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
