COMPARISON OF FOUR DIFFERENT WARM-UP TASKS, USING SPECIAL TOOLS ALSO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbmusica.2021.1.15Keywords:
vocalization, resonant tube, humming, nose-pipe, voice rangeAbstract
Introduction: In our investigation, we compared four different warming-up sections on the singing voice, always using the same task-melodies. In the first section, we used traditionally only “on vowel articulation based” – called vocalization – tasks. In the second section we used resonant tube, which is used for voice therapy mostly. In the third sections, the participants used the melodies for humming. In the fours we used - by us developed - unusual tool, called “nose-pipe” for singing voice warm-up. The theoretical basis of the first section is the so-called “linear-model” of the singing phenomenon, why the basis of the further three sections is the “non-linear” models as well as also the experiences of the SOVT (semi-occluded vocal tract) exercises, and practice. Methods: on all the four sections the same 33 people took part. 20 of them were females and 13 males. All the participants attended several years of classical singing education. We organized four independent sections one-week apart. The participants came on the sections without previous warming-up for the singing voice. Before the warming-up at first, we recorded three vowels – [y, u, ɒ] (according to IPA) – for females on G4, for males on G3 - sustaining for longer than 2 second-long, with comfortable volume, then came the 20’-25’ minutes long warming-up procedures. After the procedure, we repeated the recordings of the same vowels on the same pitches. For every warming-up procedure we used the same melodies. Recording the sustained vowels we used TASCAM DR-07 MKII equipment. With the help of a stage, the microphones were held before the mouth of every participant, at the same – 10cm – distance. For generating the FFT figure of the sound image and for analyzing we used SIGVIEW 2.4., to appreciate the values of the parameters we used the SPSS 20 software. We analyzed one-second-long part – in sound level well balanced - of the records. The investigated parameters were: mean of the FFT signal between 0-21kHz, 0-12kHz as well as 2-4 kHz; number from the noise overriding overtones; the volume of f0, and H1H7 overtones. We detected also during the warm-ups reached voice ranges. Results: according to our results all the sections have beneficial effects on the singing voice. Most of the significant effects on the analyzed parameters have the humming and the nose-pipe sections by every vowel. The reached voice range was the longest at the fours, nose-pipe section. Conclusion: we can enhance that each of the four sections is useful. The combined, conscious application of them is correct. Using the new tool – called nose pipe – has dominant preference for developing the voice range of the singing voice.
Rezumat. COMPARAREA A PATRU EXERCIȚII DE ÎNCĂLZIRE, PRIN INTERMEDIUL A NOI MIJLOACE în cercetarea noastră, am comparat efectele a patru serii de exerciții diferite de încălzire a vocii cântate, folosind întotdeauna aceleași melodii de încălzire. Cu prima ocazie am utilizat doar exerciții de „vocalizare” tradiționale bazate pe intonarea vocalelor. Cu a doua ocazie, am utilizat emisia sonoră în tub, procedeu ce se folosește cel mai adesea pentru vindecarea vocii. Cu cea de-a treia ocazie, participanții au fredonat melodiile de încălzire. Cu cea de-a patra ocazie, am folosit un nou instrument dezvoltat de noi - filtrul nazal - pentru a încălzi vocea cântată. Baza teoretică a primului set de exerciții este așa-numitul model liniar al vocii cântate, în timp ce a celorlalte trei seturi de exerciții modelele neliniare și experiențele de aplicație ale RZTCS-ului (cu tub de extensie parțial închis). Metoda: la toate cele trei ocazii de încălzire au participat aceleași 33 de persoane. Dintre aceștia 20 au fost femei și 13 bărbați. Toți studiază de ani de zile canto clasic. Am organizat patru ocazii independente de măsurare, la intervale de timp de o săptămână. Participanții au sosit la aceste ocazii de măsurare, fără să aibă anterior vocea încălzită. Înainte de încălzire am înregistrat trei vocale intonate (ü, u, a) la femei pe înălțimea G4, la bărbați pe înălțimea G3, menținute câte 2 secunde, cu intensitate comodă. După asta a urmat o încălzire de 20-25 de minute. După încălzire am repetat înregistrările cu aceleași vocale și la aceleași înălțimi sonore. Pentru fiecare încălzire am utilizat aceleași melodii. Înregistrările le-am realizat cu un aparat TASCAM DR-07 MKII. Cu ajutorul unui suport de distanțare am asigurat distanța continuă de 10 cm a microfonului de gura participanților. Pentru realizarea și analiza imaginilor FFT a înregistrărilor am utilizat programul SIEGVIEW 2.4, în timp ce analiza valorilor parametrice a fost realizată cu programul SPSS 20. Am analizat secțiunile de dinamică uniformă cu lungimea de 1 secundă. Parametrii analizați au fost următorii: tăria semnalului FFT a fost între 0-21kHz, 0-12kHz și 2-4kHz; din imaginea zgomotului sonor s-a evidențiat numărul armonicelor superioare; Intensitatea sunetului fundamental (f0), și primul armonic (H1-H7). Am observat și ambitusul parcurs în timpul încălzirii. Rezultate: potrivit rezultatelor noastre fiecare serie de exerciții de încălzire are efecte avantajoase asupra vocii cântate. Efectul cel mai semnificativ asupra parametrilor analizați l-a avut fredonarea și utilizarea filtrului nazal asupra fiecărei vocale. Ambitusul parcurs și observat în timpul încălzirii a fost cel mai lung, la cea de a patra ocazie, cea cu filtrul nazal. Concluzii: putem sublinia că toate cele patru moduri de încălzire sunt avantajoase. Aplicarea lor combinată este corectă într-o proporție reglementată. Utilizarea noului instrument, al filtrului nazal, poate fi recomandată în primul rând pentru extinderea ambitusului vocal.
Cuvinte cheie: vocalizare, intonație în tub, zumzet, filtru nazal, ambitus
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