ASPECTS OF MONASTIC FORMATION, PROBATION, AND EDUCATION IN ST. GREGORY PALAMAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbto.2022.2.11Keywords:
St. Gregory Palamas, St. Benedict of Nursia, monasticism, monastic spirituality, novitiateAbstract
The theology of Saint Gregory Palamas is of crucial importance for monastic spirituality. In his writings as well as in his Vita, composed by Philotheos Kokkinos, there are several instances which deal with aspects of a novitiate, that is, the process of becoming a monk. These elements will be examined in the context of Byzantine monastic rules (typika) and the earlier monastic tradition, both in East and West. In the sixth century, St. Benedict of Nursia adopted these early Eastern traditions for Western monasticism. Therefore, they constitute a strong common ground until today. This article attempts to show some traits of St. Gregory Palamas’ own monastic career, what he himself considered important, and what could be considered important for today.
References
“A Late-Byzantine Hagiographer: Philotheos Kokkinos and His Vitae of Contemporary Saints.” PhD diss., The University of Edinburgh, 2018.
“Monasticism and Kinship in Byzantine Hesychastic Hagiography.” Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 61 (2021): 396–422.
Barlaam. Epistole greche. I primordi episodici e dottrinari delle lotte esicaste. Edited by Giuseppe Schirò. Palermo: Istituto Siciliano di studi bizantini e neogreci, 1954.
Beck, Hans-Georg. “Die Benediktinerregel auf dem Athos.” BZ 44 (1951): 21–24.
Boon, Amand, ed. Pachomiana Latina. Leuven: Bibliothèque de la Revue d’histoire ecclésias¬tique, 1932.
Breitenstein, Mirko. Das Noviziat im hohen Mittelalter. Zur Organisation des Eintritts bei den Cluniazensern, Cisterziensern und Franziskanern. Münster: LIT Verlag, 2008.
Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents. Edited by John Philip Thomas and Angela Constantinides Hero. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.
Contra Acindynum. Edited by Panagiotis Christou in PS, vol. 3.
de Meester, Placide. De monachico statu iuxta disciplinam byzantinam. Statuta selectis fontibus et commentariis instructa. Rome: Typis polyglottis Vaticanis, 1942.
Delouis, Olivier. “Saint Benoît de Nursie à Byzance.” In Interactions, emprunts, confrontations chez les religieux (Antiquité tardive – fin du XIXe siècle), edited by Sylvain Excoffon, Daniel-Odon Hurel, and Annick Peters-Custot, 73–92. Saint Étienne: Publications de l’Université de Saint Étienne, 2015.
Ed. “Le Typikon du sébaste Grégoire Pakourianos.” REB 42 (1984): 5–145.
Gautier, Paul, ed. “Le Typikon de la Théotokos Évergétis.” REB 40 (1982): 5–101.
Gregory Palamas. The Hesychast Controversy and the Debate with Islam. Documents Relating to Gregory Palamas. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2020.
Gregory Palamas. The Triads. Edited by Jean Meyendorff, Défense des saints hésychastes. Leuven: Spicilegium Sacrum Lovaniense, 1959.
Gregory the Great. Life of St. Benedict. Edited and translated by Adalbert de Vogüé and Paul Antin, Grégoire le Grand. Dialogues. Vol. 2: Livres I–III. SC 260. Paris: Cerf, 1979. English translation by Odo J. Zimmermann and Benedict R. Avery, Life and Miracles of St. Benedict. Collegeville: The Liturgical Press, 1984. Edition of the Greek version by Gianpaolo Rigotti, Gregorio Magno. Vita di San Benedetto. Versione greca di papa Zaccaria. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso, 2001.
Greis, Ralph. Von der Menschenfreundlichkeit Gottes. Analyse und Kommentar der Homilien des Gregor Palamas in liturgietheologischer Perspektive. Münster: Aschendorff, 2021.
Homilies. Edited by Basil Pseftonkas in PS, vol. 6. English translation by Christopher Veniamin, Saint Gregory Palamas. The Homilies. Waymart, PA: Mount Thabor Publishing, 2009.
Ioannidis, Photios. “Η παρουσία του Οσίου Βενεδίκτου στο χώρο της Ανατολής.” Ἐπιστημονικὴ Ἑπετηρίδα Φιλοσοφικῆς Σχολῆς τοῦ Ἀριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου Θεσσαλονίκης 2 (1991–1992): 227–268.
John Cassian. Institutions cénobitiques. Edited by Jean-Claude Guy. SC 109. Paris: Cerf, 2001. English translation by Boniface Ramsey, John Cassian. The Institutes. New York: The Newman Press, 2000.
Kaplan, Michel. “Monasteries. Institutionalisation and Organisation of Space in the Byzantine World until the End of the Twelfth Century.” In Diverging Paths? The Shapes of Power and Institution in Medieval Christendom and Islam, edited by John Hudson and Ana Rodríguez, 321–350. Leiden: Brill, 2014.
Kommentar zur Benediktusregel. 2nd edn. St. Ottilien: EOS Verlag, 2015.
Leroy, Julien. “Saint Benoît dans le monde byzantin.” In San Benedetto e l’Oriente cristiano. Atti del Simposio tenuto nell’abbazia della Novalesa (19–23 Maggio 1980), edited by Francesco Pio Tamburrino, 169–182. Novalesa: Abbazia di Novalesa, 1981. Reprinted in Julien Leroy, Études sur le monachisme byzantin. Textes rassemblés et présentés par Olivier Delouis, 435–451. Bégrolles en Mauges: Abbaye de Bellefontaine, 2007.
Letter to Paul Asen. Edited by Panagiotis Christou in PS, vol. 5, 247–250. English translation by Peter J. Hatlie, “The Answer to Paul Asen of Gregory Palamas: A Fourteenth Century Apology for the One, Grand and Angelic Schema.” St. Vladimir’s Theological Quarterly 33 (1989): 35–51.
Lutterbach, Hubertus. Monachus factus est. Die Mönchwerdung im frühen Mittelalter. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Frömmigkeits- und Liturgiegeschichte. Münster: Aschendorff, 1995.
Mercati, Giuseppe. “Escerto greco della Regola di S. Benedetto in un codice del Monte Athos.” Benedictina. Fascicoli trimestrali di studi Benedettini 1 (1947): 191–196.
Meyendorff, John. Introduction à l’étude de Grégoire Palamas. Patristica Sorbonensia 3. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1959.
Meyer, Philipp, ed. Die Haupturkunden für die Geschichte der Athosklöster. Leipzig: J. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, 1894.
Mitrea, Mihail. “Old Wine in New Bottles”? Gregory Palamas’ Logos on Saint Peter of Athos (BHG 1506).” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 40.2 (2016): 243–263.
Nadal Cañellas, Juan. “Gregorio Akíndinos.” In La théologie byzantine et sa tradition. Vol. 2: (XIIIe–XIXe s.), edited by Carmelo Giuseppe Conticello and Vassa Conticello, 189–314. Turnhout: Brepols, 2002.
Oltean, Daniel. Devenir moine à Byzance. Coutumes sociales, règles monastiques et rituels liturgiques. OLA 291. Leuven: Peeters, 2020.
Pertusi, Agostino, “Monasteri e monaci italiani all’Athos nell’alto Medioevo.” In Le millénaire du mont Athos 963–1963. Études et mélanges. Vol. 1, 217–251. Chevetogne: Éditions de Chevetogne, 1963.
Philotheos Kokkinos. Λόγος εἰς τὸν ἐν ἁγίοις πατέρα ἡμῶν Γρηγόριον ἀρχιεπίσκοπον Θεσσαλονίκης. Edited by Demetrios Tsamis, Φιλοθέου Κωνσταντινουπόλεως τοῦ Κοκκίνου ἁγιολογικὰ ἔργα. Α´. Θεσσαλονικεῖς ἅγιοι, 427–591. Thessaloniki: Κέντρον Βυζαντινῶν Ἐρευνῶν, 1985. English translation by Norman Russell, Gregory Palamas. The Hesychast Controversy and the Debate with Islam. Documents Relating to Gregory Palamas, 52–210. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2020.
Puzicha, Michaela. Quellen und Texte zur Benediktusregel. St. Ottilien: EOS Verlag, 2007.
Rudolf Schöll, Wilhelm Kroll, eds. Corpus Iuris Civilis. 4th edn. Vol. 3. Berlin: Weidmann, 1912.
Rule of St. Benedict. Edited by Rudolf Hanslik, Benedicti Regula. 2nd edn. CSEL 75. Vienna: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, 1977. English translation by Timothy Fry, RB 1980. The Rule of St. Benedict in Latin and English with Notes. Collegeville: The Liturgical Press 1981.
Russell, Norman. “The Hesychast Controversy.” In The Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium, edited by Anthony Kaldellis and Niketas Siniossoglou, 494–508. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Schmitz, Philibert. Geschichte des Benediktinerordens. Vol. 1. Einsiedeln; Zürich: Benziger, 1947.
Sinkewicz, Robert. “Gregory Palamas.” In La théologie byzantine et sa tradition. Vol. 2: (XIIIe–XIXe s.), edited by Carmelo Giuseppe Conticello and Vassa Conticello, 131–188. Turnhout: Brepols, 2002.
von Falkenhausen, Vera. “Il monastero degli Amalfitani sul Monte Athos.” In Atanasio e il monachesimo al Monte Athos. Atti del XII Convegno ecumenico internazionale di spiritualità ortodossa sezione bizantina, edited by Sabino Chiala and Lisa Cremaschi, 101–118. Bose: Ed. Qiqajon, 2005.
Wawryk, Michael. Initiatio Monastica in Liturgia Byzantina. Officiorum schematis monastici magni et parvi necnon rasophoratus exordia et evolutio. OCA 180. Rome: Typis Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae, 1968.
Λόγος εἰς τὸν θαυμαστὸν καὶ ἰσάγγελον βίον τοῦ ὁσίου καὶ θεοφόρου πατρὸς ἡμῶν Πέτρου τοῦ ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ ὄρει τῷ Ἄθῳ ἀσκήσαντος. Edited by Panagiotis Christou in PS, vol. 5, 161–191.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Orthodoxa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
ISSN (print): 1224-0869, ISSN (online): 2065-9474, ISSN-L: 2065-9474