Knowledge, Conscience, Consciousness, Awareness, or About the Presence and Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Spiritual Life and Their Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbto.2024.1.03Keywords:
artificial intelligence, ethics, conscience, technological limitations, Church FathersAbstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) into spiritual life presents unique challenges and opportunities. This article explores the regulatory deficiencies in the application of AI in religious settings. The existence of controversial platforms such as Biserica GPT emphasizes the need for specific ethical norms designed for spiritual life. The article advocates for an approach that recognizes the capacity of AI to improve communication and social unity, while underscoring ethical concerns and the significance of authentic human spiritual direction. The proposed ethical criteria include transparency, accountability, and the safeguarding of human dignity. They emphasize the need for a cooperative effort between programmers, operators, and those possessing spiritual expertise to ensure that AI is used as a tool rather than functioning as a substitute for authentic spiritual direction.
References
***, Catéchisme de l’Eglise Catholique. Paris, Mame/Plon, 1992.
***, Stat şi religii în România – o relaţie transparentă?. Asociaţia pentru Apărarea Drepturilor Omului în România – Comitetul Helsinki (APADOR-CH). Bucureşti, 2008.
Ares Isabel. “À Gaza, des bombardements intensifs facilités par l’intelligence artificielle” [10.12.2023]. URL: https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/14536317-a-gaza-des-bombardements-intensifs-facilites-par-lintelligence-artificielle.html.
Aru Jaan. Larkum Matthew Evan. Shine James M. “The feasibility of artificial consciousness through the lens of neuroscience”. Trends in Neurosciences 46 (2023): 1008-1017.
Balibar Étienne. “Conscience”, in: Barbara Cassin (éd.), Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Le dictionnaire des intradui-sibles. Paris: Seuil / Le Robert, 2019, 260-274.
Barak Aharon. Human Dignity: The Constitutional Value and the Constitutional Right. Translated by Daniel KAYROS. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Barbu Ana Maria. “«Biserica GPT» oferă online servicii «religioase». De la rugăciune pentru o călătorie până la demiterea șefului. Reacția BOR”. Ştirile PRO TV, 25-04-2023|19:40. URL: https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/actualitate/zbiserica-gpt-ofera-online-servicii-religioase-de-la-rugaciune-pentru-o-calatorie-pana-la-demiterea-sefului-reactia-bor.html.
Bâlici Veronica. “Conştiinţa lingvistică. O viziune teoretico-aplicativă”. Ministerul Educaţiei, Culturii şi Cercetării. Institutul de Ştiinţe ale Educaţiei, Chişinău, 2020.
Betschart Christof. “L’humain imago Dei et l’intelligence artificielle imago hominis?”. Recherches de Science Religieuse, 11/4 (2023): 643-659.
Brylynski Bogdan. “M-am spovedit în prima biserică virtuală cu IA. Dar nu sunt sigur că mi-a iertat păcatele”. Turnul Sfatului. 18-04-2023|18:40. URL: https://www.turnulsfatului.ro/2023/04/18/m-am-spovedit-in-prima-biserica-virtuala-cu-ia-dar-nu-sunt-sigur-ca-mi-a-iertat-pacatele-202175.
Castillo Maria. “L’Union européenne : vers la maîtrise de l’intelligence artificielle?”. Cahiers de la recherche sur les droits fondamentaux [online] 21 (2023). published online 17.10.2023, accessed 11.04.2024. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/crdf/8864.
Christians Louis-Léon. La déontologie des ministères ecclésiaux, coll. Droit canonique. Paris: Éditions du Cerf 2007.
Council of the European Union. Interinstitutional File: 2021/0106(COD). Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and amending certain Union legislative acts. Brussels, 26 January 2024. URL: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-5662-2024-INIT/en/pdf.
De Libera Alain. “Abstraction, abstraits”. in: Barbara Cassin (éd.). Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Le dictionnaire des intraduisibles. Paris: Seuil / Le Robert, 2019, 1-8.
Déclaration et Programme d’action de Vienne. Adoptés par la Conférence mondiale sur les droits de l’homme le 25 juin 1993 dans : Déclaration et Programme d’action de Vienne. 20 ans au travail pour vos droits. Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme et le Département de l’information des Nations Unies, août 2013. URL: https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/events/ohchr20/vdpa_booklet_fr.pdf.
Dermange François. “La responsabilité”. in Jean-Daniel Causse, Denis Müller, Dimitri Andronicos (dir.). Introduction à l’éthique. Penser, croire, agir. coll. Le Champ éthique 51. Genève: Labor et Fides, 2009, 283-302.
Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române. ediția a II-a sub conducerea Ion Coteanu şi Lucreţia Mareş. Academia Română. Institutul de Lingvistică “Iorgu Iordan”. București: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, 1998.
Dumitru Adrian. “Cine sau ce este LaMDA, algoritmul despre care un inginer Google crede că are sentimente și este conștient de sine”. DIGI24.ro, 14.06.2022|11:56. URL: https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/sci-tech/descoperiri/cine-sau-ce-este-lamda-algoritmul-despre-care-un-inginer-google-crede-ca-are-sentimente-si-este-constient-de-sine-1973985.
Dupuy-Lasserre Laura. “Conseil des droits de l’homme de l’ONU et ses résolutions sur la liberté de religion ou de conviction”. in Liviu Olteanu (éd.). Les droits de l’homme et la liberté religieuse dans le monde. Un nouvel équilibre ou de nouveaux défis. Tome I. Bern, Association internationale pour la défense de la liberté religieuse, Conscience et liberté, 2014, 68-79, 68-69.
European Commission. Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology. Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI. Publications Office, 2019. URL: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2759/346720.
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Getting the Future Right: Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Rights. Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union, 2020. URL: https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2020-artificial-intelligence_en.pdf.
Floridi Luciano. et al. “AI4People — An Ethical Framework for a Good AI Society: Opportunities, Risks, Principles, and Recommendations”. Minds and Machines 28/4 (2018): 689-707.
Guzman Andrea L. Lewis Seth C. “Artificial intelligence and communication: A Human-Machine Communication research agenda.” New Media & Society 22/1 (2020): 70-86.
Herzfeld Noreen L. Imago Dei/imago hominis: Interacting Images of God and Humanity in Theology and in Artificial Intelligence. Doctoral Thesis. Ann Arbor, United States, 2000.
Herzfeld Noreen L. In Our Image: Artificial Intelligence and the Human Spirit. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002.
Jobin Anna. Ienca Marcello. Vayena Effy. “The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines.” Nature Machine Intelligence 1/9 (2019): 389-399.
Lovens Pierre-François. “Sans ces conversations avec le chatbot Eliza, mon mari serait toujours là.” La Libre, 28-03-2023 | 06:35. URL: “Sans ces conversations avec le chatbot Eliza, mon mari serait toujours là” - La Libre.
Nicolae Robert. “Patriarhul Daniel despre utilizarea rețelelor de socializare și a internetului”. Basilica.Ro, 17-05-2016. URL: https://basilica.ro/patriarhul-daniel-despre-utilizarea-retelelor-de-socializare-si-a-internetului/.
O’Donnell Karen. “Performing the imago Dei: Human enhancement, artificial intelligence and optative image-bearing.” International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church 18/1 (2018): 4-15.
Oberg Andrew. “Souls and Selves: Querying an AI Self with a View to Human Selves and Consciousness.” Religions (Special Issue, Religious Traditions, Self-Theory, and the Future: Should We Abandon, Embrace or Reimagine?) 14/1 (2023): 1-16.
Palamas Gregory. Homily 53: On the Entry of the Mother of God into the Holy of Holies, Ὁμιλ. Σοφ. σελ., p. 169-170. In Vasilij Krivochéine, Dieu, l’homme, l’Église. Lecture des Pères. Coll. Patrimoine Orthodoxie. Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 2010.
Perșa Răzvan. “Misiunea și implicarea laicilor și monahilor în viața Bisericii Ortodoxe în conformitate cu Tradiția canonică”. In Patriciu Vlaicu, Răzvan Perșa (ed.). Tradiția canonică și misiunea Bisericii. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2018, 249-300.
Pietralunga Cédric. “L’armée israélienne a identifié des dizaines de milliers de cibles à Gaza avec l’aide de l’IA” [05.04.2024]. URL: https://www.letemps.ch/monde/l-armee-israelienne-a-identifie-des-dizaines-de-milliers-de-cibles-a-gaza-avec-l-aide-de-l-ia.
Salamin Anne-Dominique. Russo David. Rueger Danièle. “ChatGPT, an Excellent Liar: How Conversational Agents’ Hallucinations Impact Learning and Teaching.” in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Teaching, Learning and Education, 2023. URL: https://www.doi.org/10.33422/6th.iacetl.2023.11.100.
Stăniloae Dumitru. Spiritualitatea ortodoxă. Ascetica şi mistica. Bucureşti: Editura IBMBOR, 1992.
Walker Lauren. “Belgian man dies by suicide following exchanges with chatbot”. The Brussels Times, 28-03-2023. URL: https://www.brusselstimes.com/430098/belgian-man-commits-suicide-following-exchanges-with-chatgpt.
Yudkowsky Eliezer. “Artificial Intelligence as a positive and negative factor in global risk.” in: Nick Bostrom, and Milan M. Ćirković (eds.). Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press, 2008, 308-345.
Zizioulas Ioannis. “Biserica și eshatonul.” Teologie și Viață 1-6 (2004): 181-191.
Афанасьева Мария Анатольевна. “Digitalization of Religious Consciousness: Problems and Prospects” (Цифровизация религиозного сознания: проблемы и перспективы). Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences 23/4 (2023): 114-122.
УСТИНОВА Анна. КИСЕЛЕВА Анна. “РПЦ призвала запретить ИИ с человеческим лицом”. 26-04-2023|01:01. URL: https://www.vedomosti.ru/society/articles/2023/04/26/972573-rpts-prizvala-zapretit-ii-s-chelovecheskim-litsom?from=newsline.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Orthodoxa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.