RETHINKING (DIS)FLUENCY WITHIN THE SCOPE OF INTERACTIONAL LINGUISTICS AND GESTURE STUDIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2022.2.03Keywords:
Interaction, fluency, gesture, multimodality, interactive model.Abstract
The study of so-called ‘disfluency’ phenomena (uh and um, filled and unfilled pauses, self-repairs and the like) has gained a lot of attention in various fields in linguistics in the past few decades, but a majority of studies tend to be production-oriented and often disregard fundamental aspects of face-to-face communication such as interactional dynamics and gesture. This paper presents a multimodal and multilevel model of “inter-fluency”, considering different levels of analysis, mainly, talk, gesture, and interaction, by combining different theoretical frameworks and methodologies in gesture studies and interactional linguistics in order to bridge this gap and go beyond previous cognitive-oriented models.References
Allwood, J. (2017). Fluency or disfluency? Proceedings of DiSS 2017, the 8th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech, 1.
Allwood, J., Nivre, J., & Ahlsén, E. (1990). Speech Management—On the Non-written Life of Speech. Nordic Journal of Linguistics, 13(1), 3–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0332586500002092
Atkinson, P., Becker, H., Bergmann, J.R., Blumer, H., Davis, F., Garfinkel, H., Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (2002). Analysing Interaction: Video, Ethnography and Situated Conduct. In T. May (Ed.), Qualitative research in action. SAGE Publications.
Betz, S., Carlmeyer, B., Wagner, P., & Wrede, B. (2018). Interactive Hesitation Synthesis: Modelling and Evaluation. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2010009
Betz, S., & Kosmala, L. (2019). Fill the silence! Basics for modeling hesitation. The 9th Workshop on Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech, 11.
Bortfeld, H., Leon, S.D., Bloom, J.E., Schober, M.F., & Brennan, S.E. (2001). Disfluency Rates in Conversation: Effects of Age, Relationship, Topic, Role, and Gender. Language and Speech, 44(2), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309010440020101
Boutet, D. (2018). Pour une approche kinésiologique de la gestualité [Habilitation à diriger des recherches]. Université de Rouen-Normandie.
Candea, M. (2000). Contribution à l’étude des pauses silencieuses et des phénomènes dits « d’hésitation » en français oral spontané. Étude sur un corpus de récit en classe de français. [PhD Thesis, Université Paris III- Sorbonne Nouvelle].
Christenfeld, N., & Creager, B. (1996). Anxiety, alcohol, aphasia, and ums. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 451. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.3.451
Clark, H.H. (2006). Pauses and hesitations: Psycholinguistic approach. In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (pp. 244–248). Oxford: Elsevier.
Couper-Kuhlen, E., & Selting, M. (2001). Introducing interactional linguistics. Studies in Interactional Linguistics, 122.
Crible, L., Dumont, A., Grosman, I., & Notarrigo, I. (2019). (Dis)fluency across spoken and signed languages: Application of an interoperable annotation scheme. In L. Degand, G. Gilquin, & A. C. Simon (Eds.), Fluency and Disfluency across Languages and Language Varieties (Corpora and Language in Use-Proceedings 4). Presses universitaires de Louvain.
De Jong, N.H. (2018). Fluency in second language testing: Insights from different disciplines. Language Assessment Quarterly, 15(3), 237–254.
Disfluency: Interrupting speech and gesture. (2006). [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Radboud University]. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/21385/
Dollaghan, C.A., & Campbell, T.F. (1992). A procedure for classifying disruptions in spontaneous language samples. Topics in Language Disorders.
Eklund, R. (2004). Disfluency in Swedish human–human and human–machine travel booking dialogues [PhD Thesis]. Linköping University Electronic Press.
Eklund, R., & Shriberg, E. (1998). Crosslinguistic disfluency modelling: A comparative analysis of Swedish and American English human–human and human–machine dialogues. 5th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, 30th November-4th December, 1998, Sydney, Australia, 6, 2627–2630.
Ferré, G. (2019). Analyse de discours multimodale. Gestualité et prosodie en discours. UGA éditions.
Ferreira, F., & Bailey, K.G.D. (2004). Disfluencies and human language comprehension. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(5), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.03.011
Fox Tree, J.E. (1995). The effects of false starts and repetitions on the processing of subsequent words in spontaneous speech. Journal of Memory and Language, 34(6), 709–738.
Gilquin, G. (2008). Hesitation markers among EFL learners: Pragmatic deficiency or difference. In J. Romero-Trillo (Ed.), Pragmatics and Corpus Linguistics: A Mutualistic Entente (pp. 119–149). De Gruyter Mouton.
Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Goodwin, C. (1981). Conversational Organization: Interaction Between Speakers and Hearers. Academic Press.
Goodwin, C. (2003). The body in action. In Discourse, the body, and identity (pp. 19–42). Springer.
Goodwin, C. (2007). Participation, stance and affect in the organization of activities. Discourse & Society, 18(1), 53–73.
Goodwin, C. (2017). Co-operative action. Cambridge University Press.
Goodwin, C., & Goodwin, M. H. (1996). Seeing as a situated activity: Formulating planes. In D. Middleton & Y. Engestrom (Eds.), Cognition and Communication at Work. Cambridge University Press.
Goodwin, C., & Goodwin, M. H. (2004). Participation. A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, 222–224.
Goodwin, C., & Heritage, J. (1990). Conversation analysis. Annual Review of Anthropology, 19(1), 283–307.
Goodwin, M., & Goodwin, C. (1986). Gesture and coparticipation in the activity of searching for a word. Semiotica, 62(1–2), 51–76.
Götz, S. (2013). Fluency in native and nonnative English speech (John Benjamins Publishing, Vol. 53). John Benjamins Publishing.
Graziano, M., & Gullberg, M. (2013). Gesture production and speech fluency in competent speakers and language learners. Presentado En TIGER, Tilburg University, Holanda.
Grosman, I. (2018). Évaluation contextuelle de la (dis) fluence en production et perception: Pratiques communicatives et formes prosodico-syntaxiques en français [PhD Thesis]. UCL-Université Catholique de Louvain.
Hartsuiker, R.J., & Notebaert, L. (2009). Lexical access problems lead to disfluencies in speech. Experimental Psychology.
Hieke, A.E. (1981). A Content-Processing View of Hesitation Phenomena. Language and Speech, 24(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/002383098102400203
Hilton, H. (2008). The link between vocabulary knowledge and spoken L2 fluency. Language Learning Journal, 36(2), 153–166.
Hoey, E.M. (2014). Sighing in interaction: Somatic, semiotic, and social. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 47(2), 175–200.
Horgues, C., & Scheuer, S. (2015). Why Some Things Are Better Done in Tandem. In J. A. Mompean & J. Fouz-González (Eds.), Investigating English Pronunciation: Trends and Directions (pp. 47–82). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137509437_3
Jefferson, G. (2004). Glossary of transcript symbols. Conversation Analysis: Studies from the First Generation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 13–31.
Kärkkäinen, E. (2006). Stance taking in conversation: From subjectivity to intersubjectivity. Text & Talk-An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse Communication Studies, 26(6), 699–731.
Kendon, A. (2004). Gesture: Visible action as utterance (Cambridge University Press). Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.fr/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hDXnnzmDkOkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR6&dq=Kendon,+A.+(2004).+Gesture:+visible+action+as+utterance&ots=RJ4Tp92VhJ&sig=1lE4boAPssZefmS3uKfCEwBfpCs
Kosmala, L. (2021a). A multimodal contrastive study of (dis)fluency across languages and settings: Towards a multidimensional scale of inter-(dis)fluency [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Sorbonne Nouvelle.
Kosmala, L. (2021b). On the Specificities of L1 and L2 (Dis)fluencies and the Interactional Multimodal Strategies of L2 Speakers in Tandem Interactions. Journal of Monolingual and Bilingual Speech.
Kosmala, L., Candea, M., & Morgenstern, A. (2019). Synchronization of (Dis)fluent Speech and Gesture: A Multimodal Approach to (Dis)fluency. Gesture and Speech in Interaction 6th Edition.
Levelt, W.J. (1983). Monitoring and self-repair in speech. Cognition, 14, 41–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90026-4
Levelt, W.J. (1989). Speaking. From intention to articulation. MIT Press.
Lickley, R.J. (2015). Fluency and Disfluency. In M. A. Redford (Ed.), The Handbook of Speech Production (pp. 445–474). John Wiley. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296707223_Fluency_and_Disfluency
MacWhinney, B. (2000). The CHILDES Project: Tools for analyzing talk. transcription format and programs (Vol. 1). Psychology Press.
Mahl, G.F. (1956). Disturbances and silences in the patient’s speech in psychotherapy. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 53(1), 1.
McCarthy, M. (2009). Rethinking spoken fluency. ELIA, 9, 11-29.
Menn, L., & Dronkers, N.F. (2016). Psycholinguistics: Introduction and applications. Plural Publishing.
Mondada, L. (2016). Challenges of multimodality: Language and the body in social interaction. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 20(3), 336–366.
Morgenstern, A., & Boutet, D. (forth.). The orchestration of bodies and artifacts in French family dinners.
Pallaud, B., Bertrand, R., Prevot, L., Blache, P., & Rauzy, S. (2019). Suspensive and Disfluent Self Interruptions in French Language Interactions.
Pomerantz, A., & Fehr, B. J. (2011). Conversation analysis: An approach to the analysis of social interaction. Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction, 2, 165–190.
Sacks, H., Jefferson, G., & Schegloff, E. A. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50(4), 696–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-623550-0.50008-2
Schegloff, E.A. (1991). Conversation analysis and socially shared cognition. In L.B. Resnick, J. Levine, & S.D. Teasley (Eds.), Socially Shared Cognition. American Psychological Association.
Schegloff, E.A. (1996). Confirming allusions: Toward an empirical account of action. American Journal of Sociology, 102(1), 161–216.
Schegloff, E.A., Sacks, H., & Jefferson, G. (1977). The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language, 53(2), 361–382.
Segalowitz, N. (2016). Second language fluency and its underlying cognitive and social determinants. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 54(2), 79–95.
Seyfeddinipur, M., (2006). Disfluency: Interrupting speech and gesture [Unpublished PhD Thesis]. Radboud University.
Shriberg, E.E. (1994). Preliminaries to a Theory of Speech Disfluencies [PhD Thesis]. University of California.
Sidnell, J. (2016, March 3). Conversation Analysis. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.40
Sloetjes, H., & Wittenburg, P. (2008). Annotation by category-ELAN and ISO DCR. 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2008).
Stivers, T., & Robinson, J. D. (2006). A preference for progressivity in interaction. Language in Society, 35(3), 367–392.
Stivers, T., & Sidnell, J. (2005). Introduction: Multimodal interaction. Semiotica, 2005, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.2005.2005.156.1
Streeck, J. (2010). Ecologies of gesture. New Adventures in Language and Interaction, 223–242.
Streeck, J., Goodwin, C., & LeBaron, C. (2011). Embodied interaction: Language and body in the material world. Cambridge University Press.
Tellier, M., Stam, G., & Bigi, B. (2013). Gesturing while pausing in conversation: Selforiented or partner-oriented?”. The Combined Meeting of the 10th International Gesture Workshop and the 3rd Gesture and Speech in Interaction Conference, Tillburg (The Netherlands).
Tottie, G. (2014). On the use of uh and um in American English. Functions of Language, 21(1), 6–29. https://doi.org/10.1075/fol.21.1.02tot
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
