Rhizoremediation of poly aromatic hydrocarbon content of a model waste diesel engine oil-polluted soil by some local lawn plant species in Benin City, Nigeria
Keywords:
Cynodon dactylon, Eleusine indica, lawn grasses, rhizoremediation, polyaromatic hydrocarbon.Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 10 local lawn plant species namely Eleusine indica, Paspalum vaginatum, Stenotaphrum secundatum, Cynodon dactylon, Cymbopogon citratus, Axonopus compressus, Sporobulus pyramidalis, Cyperus rotundus, Chrysopogon aciculatus and panicum maximum in the rhizoremediation of a waste engine oil-polluted soil for a period of three months. Soil, weighing 20 kg was thoroughly mixed with waste engine oil to obtain a constant 5% w/w concentration of waste engine oil in soil. After 4 weeks, the ten lawn plant species were sown in the bowls. The plants’ response to stress occasioned by the oil pollution was studied using leaf number as well as occurrence of chlorosis and necrosis; whereas rhizospheric soil samples were analyzed for poly aromatic hydrocarbon contents and microbial composition. PAH concentrations of some of the soil sown with some of the grasses were reduced indicating that remediation took place although not completely. The soil sown with Eleusine indica had the highest total remediation efficiency which was 90.61% after eight weeks of sowing. The plant-associated microbial community was examined in all the lawn plant species. The assessment of the influence of grass on the abundance and activity of microorganisms in the rhizosphere showed a buildup of microbial communities over the period and this helped in the remediation of the contaminated soil. Eleusine indica had the highest heterotrophic bacteria count of 5.6 x 105cfu/g, while the percentage of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria was highest in soil sown with Stenotaphrum secundatum. Of all the local lawn plant species used in the research, Eleusine indica was observed to be a suitable candidate for in situ rhizoremediation potential.
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