EPIDEMIC AS METAPHOR: THE ALLEGORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EPIDEMIC ACCOUNTS IN LITERATURE

Authors

  • Mohammed Naser HASSOON University of Thi-Qar, in Nassiriyah, Iraq. Email: mhassoon959@gmail.com; mohammednaser@utq.edu.iq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2021.3.13

Keywords:

epidemic, plague, The Decameron (Boccaccio), A Journal of the Plague Year (Daniel Defoe), King Pest (Edgar Allan Poe), The Last Man (Mary Shelley), The Nature of Things (Lucretius), The Plague (Albert Camus), The Scarlet Plague (Jack London), The War of the Peloponnesians (Thucydides)

Abstract

Epidemic as Metaphor: The Allegorical Significance of Epidemic Accounts in Literature. Our paper searches for those common elements in selected literary representations of the plagues that have affected humanity. As a theoretical framework for our research, we have considered the contributions of Peta Michell, who equals pandemic with contagion and sees it as a metaphor; Susan Sontag views illness as a punishment or a sign, the subject of a metaphorization. Christa Jansohn sees the pest as a metaphor for an extreme form of collective calamity. For René Girard, the medical plague is a metaphor for the social plague, and Gilles Deleuze thinks that fabulation is a “health enterprise.” From the vast library of the pandemic, we have selected examples from Antiquity to the 19th century: Thucydides, Lucretius, Boccaccio, Daniel Defoe, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, and Jack London. For Camus, the plague is an allegory of evil, oppression and war. Our paper explores the lessons learned from these texts, irrespective of their degree of factuality or fictionality, pointing out how the plague is used metaphorically and allegorically to reveal a more profound truth about different societies and humanity.

REZUMAT. Epidemia ca metaforă: semnificaţia alegorică a relatării epidemiilor în literatură. Lucrarea noastră caută acele elemente comune în reprezentări literare selectate ale epidemiilor care au afectat omenirea. Drept cadru teoretic pentru cercetarea noastră, am luat în considerare contribuțiile lui Peta Michell, care echivalează pandemia cu contagiunea și o vede ca pe o metaforă; Susan Sontag consideră boala ca fiind o pedeapsă sau un semn, subiectul unei metaforizări. Christa Jansohn vede epidemia ca metaforă a unei forme extreme de calamitate colectivă. Pentru René Girard, ciuma medicală este o metaforă a ciumei sociale, iar Gilles Deleuze crede că fabulația este o „întreprindere de sănătate”. Din vasta bibliotecă a pandemiei, am selectat exemple din Antichitate până în secolul al XIX-lea: Tucidide, Lucrețiu, Boccaccio, Daniel Defoe, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe și Jack London. Pentru Camus, ciuma este o alegorie a răului, a asupririi și a războiului. Lucrarea noastră explorează lecțiile învățate din aceste texte, indiferent de gradul de factualitate sau ficționalitate, subliniind modul în care pandemia este utilizată metaforic și alegoric pentru a dezvălui un adevăr mai profund despre diferite societăți și umanitate.

Cuvinte-cheie: epidemie, ciumă, Decameronul (Boccaccio), Jurnal din anul ciumei (Daniel Defoe), Regele ciumă (Edgar Allan Poe), Ultimul om (Mary Shelley), Despre natura lucrurilor (Lucretius), Ciuma (Albert Camus), Ciuma stacojie (Jack London), Războiul Peloponesiac (Tucidide)

Author Biography

Mohammed Naser HASSOON, University of Thi-Qar, in Nassiriyah, Iraq. Email: mhassoon959@gmail.com; mohammednaser@utq.edu.iq

Dr. Mohammed Naser HASSOON obtained his PhD in English from the University of Craiova, Romania (2018), with a dissertation on „The writer’s quest for identity: the multifold dimensions of Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick”, which he published as The Arab Moby-Dick: Bridging the Gap between Cultures (Craiova, Universitaria, 2019). He has an MA in English from “Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada” University in Aurangabad, India (2014), and a BA in English from the College of Education for Humanities of the University of Thi Qar, in Al-Nasiriyah, Iraq (1997). He attended a number of conferences where he contributed the results of his research, and published articles in academic journals and volumes in Romania and the UK. Dr. Mohammed Naser Hassoon is a lecturer in English at the University of Thi-Qar, in Nassiriyah, Iraq, where he teaches English and American literature. Email: mhassoon959@gmail.com; mohammednaser@utq.edu.iq

References

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Mitchell, Peta. 2012. Contagious Metaphor. London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic.

Poe, Edgar Allan. 1975. “King Pest”. In The Complete Tales and Stories of Edgar Allan Poe, New York: Vintage, pp. 720-729.

Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft. The Last Man. Peterborough, Ontario, 1996.

Sontag, Susan. 1989. Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.

The New Testament. King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/2-Peter-Chapter-3/#10

Thucydides. 2013. The War of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians. Edited and translated by Jeremy Mynott. New York; Cambridge University Press.

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Published

2021-09-20

How to Cite

HASSOON, M. N. (2021). EPIDEMIC AS METAPHOR: THE ALLEGORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EPIDEMIC ACCOUNTS IN LITERATURE. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia, 66(3), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2021.3.13

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Articles