WEAK AND STRONG ADJECTIVES IN OLD NORSE: AN EXAMINATION OF „KONUNGS SKUGGSJÁ”

Authors

  • Terje WAGENER Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca. terje.wagener@ubbcluj.ro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2023.2.01

Keywords:

weak adjectives, strong adjectives, Old Norse, Konungs skuggsjá, determiners

Abstract

Weak and Strong Adjectives in Old Norse: An Examination of Konungs skuggsjá. All early Germanic languages distinguish between a weak and a strong adjectival declension. This contrast is traditionally described in terms of definiteness, the strong declension expressing indefinite reference and the weak one definite reference. Such a description, however, might be more suitable with regard to Modern Scandinavian languages than to Old Norse (and other early Germanic languages), where the strong declension is found in a number of contexts where in Modern Norwegian only the weak one is acceptable, for instance with certain demonstratives and in noun phrases with possessives. This article takes a look at the Old Norse didactic work Konungs skuggsjá and examines various contexts that unambiguously require the weak declension in Modern Norwegian: demonstratives, possessives, proper nouns, vocatives and others. The role and referential properties of the determiners and hinn are given special focus.

REZUMAT. Adjective slabe și tari în limba norvegiană veche: o analiză a textului Konungs skuggsjá. Toate limbile germanice timpurii se diferențiază prin două tipuri de declinare adjectivală: a adjectivelor slabe și a celor tari. Acest contrast este descris în mod tradițional pornind de la tipul articolului folosit, declinarea tare făcând trimitere la referința nearticulată și cea slabă, la referința articulată. O astfel de descriere, totuși, ar putea fi mai potrivită pentru limbile scandinave moderne decât pentru limba norvegiană veche (și alte limbi germanice timpurii), în care declinarea tare se găsește într-o serie de contexte. În contrast, în limba norvegiană modernă, se acceptă doar cea slabă, de exemplu cu anumite demonstrative și în sintagmele nominale cu posesive. Acest articol prezintă textul didactic Konungs skuggsjá din limba norvegiană veche și analizează o serie de contexte care necesită în mod cert declinarea slabă în limba norvegiană modernă: demonstrative, posesive, substantive proprii, vocative și altele. Rolului și proprietăților referențiale ale determinanților și hin li se acordă o atenție deosebită.

Cuvinte-cheie: adjective, limba norvegiană veche, Konungs skuggsjá, determinanți sá, hinn

Article history: Received 2 February 2023; Revised 28 April 2023; Accepted 30 May 2023; Available online 23 June 2023; Available print 30 June 2023.

Author Biography

Terje WAGENER, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca. terje.wagener@ubbcluj.ro

Teaches Norwegian Language at Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca. His PhD-thesis from the University of Oslo was published (in a revised and extended version) as a book at Mouton DeGruyter Publishing House in 2017, titled “The history of Nordic Relative Clauses”. He has also been teaching Norwegian at universities in Poland and Italy and has worked as a lexicographer on the NAOB dictionary. Email: terje.wagener@ubbcluj.ro

References

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Published

2023-06-23

How to Cite

WAGENER, T. (2023). WEAK AND STRONG ADJECTIVES IN OLD NORSE: AN EXAMINATION OF „KONUNGS SKUGGSJÁ”. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia, 68(2), 13–32. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2023.2.01

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