“THEY WERE SUCH SKILLED CRAFTSMEN”. HOW TO MANIPULATE A DWARF

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2023.2.06

Keywords:

Old Norse, dwarfs, humans, gods, manipulation, reciprocity

Abstract

“They Were Such Skilled Craftsmen”. How to Manipulate a Dwarf. In Old Norse literature, dwarfs are first and foremost known as remarkable smiths and producers of weapons and other valuable, magic objects. Both gods and human protagonists need those products. However, dwarfs do not usually sell their products, neither to gods nor to humans. The closest thing to a sale contract is found in Sǫrla þáttr eða Heðins saga ok Hǫgna, a short narrative found in the Flateyjarbók manuscript. Here, Freyja intended to buy an exceptionally beautiful necklace, from the dwarfs, and offered them gold and silver in exchange for it. However, the dwarfs would only sell it to her in exchange for one night spent together and Freyja accepted the trade. But how can you make sure you get what you need from a dwarf if you do not happen to be Freyja? In this paper, I provide some case studies that seem to indicate a pattern. The most powerful gods, such as Óðinn, may issue a direct order, while less powerful beings, as Loki or Freyja, need to manipulate the dwarf into wanting to provide them the desired item. Human protagonists are able to manipulate dwarfs by exploiting the fact that the dwarfs reciprocate help and generosity. However, if someone attempts to treat dwarfs as servants, when, in reality, they do not have the same power over them as the mighty gods do, they risk severe retribution from the dwarf.

„Erau meșteșugari atât de iscusiți”. Cum să manipulezi un dvergr. În literatura nordică veche, dvergar sunt cunoscuți în primul rând ca fierari remarcabili și făuritori de arme și alte obiecte magice de valoare. Atât zeii, cât și oamenii au nevoie de aceste obiecte. Cu toate acestea, dvergar nu își vând de obicei comorile nici zeilor și nici oamenilor. Cel mai apropiat lucru care seamănă cu un contract de vânzare se găsește în Sǫrla þáttr eða Heðins saga ok Hǫgna, o scurtă povestire găsită în manuscrisul Flateyjarbók. În această povestire, Freyja intenționa să cumpere un colier excepțional de frumos, de la dvergar, oferindu-le în schimbul lui aur și argint. Dvergar i l-ar vinde doar dacă fiecare dintre ei ar petrece câte o noapte cu ea, lucru cu care Freyja a fost de acord. Dar cum poți să obții lucrurile de care ai nevoie de la un dvergr dacă nu ești Freyja? În această lucrare, prezint câteva studii de caz care par să indice un șablon. Cei mai puternici zei, cum ar fi Óðinn, pot da un ordin direct, în timp ce ființele care nu dețin o putere la fel de mare, precum Loki sau Freyja, trebuie să-l manipuleze pe dvergr pentru ca acesta să dorească să le ofere produsul cerut. Alți protagoniști din rândul oamenilor sunt capabili să-i manipuleze pe dvergar folosindu-se de faptul că le oferă în schimb ajutor și generozitate. Totuși, dacă cineva încearcă să-i trateze ca pe niște slujitori, când ei în realitate nu au aceeași putere asupra lor precum zeii puternici, aceștia riscă o răzbunare de proporții.

Cuvinte cheie: literatura norvegiană veche, dvergar, oameni, zei, manipulare, reciprocitate

Article history: Received 9 February 2023; Revised 4 May 2023; Accepted 30 May 2023;
Available online 2
3 June 2023; Available print 30 June 2023.

Author Biography

Ugnius Vizgirda MIKUČIONIS, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences.

(also known as Ugnius MIKUČIONIS-VIZGIRDA) is an associate professor at Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, where he teaches various courses related to the study of the Norwegian language, including language history and Old Norse literature. He holds a Ph.D. degree from Vilnius University (Lithuania). Email: ugnius.vizgirda.mikucionis@hvl.no.

References

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Published

2023-06-23

How to Cite

MIKUČIONIS, U. V. (2023). “THEY WERE SUCH SKILLED CRAFTSMEN”. HOW TO MANIPULATE A DWARF. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia, 68(2), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2023.2.06

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