A vallásosság összefüggései a mentális egészséggel és a jólléttel a Covid-19 világjárvány idején
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbtref.2023.2.14Keywords:
religiosity, institutional religiosity, well-being, mental health, coronavirusAbstract
The Relationship of Religiosity with Mental Health and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic
The relationship between religiosity and mental health is a popular area of research in the psychology of religion. A considerable body of research supports the positive effects of religion on both psychological and physical well-being. The present research aimed to explore the links between these areas during the coronavirus pandemic. In our quantitative online study, we analysed data from 2,269 (1,022 men and 1,407 women, mean age 43 years, SD = 16–95 years) healthy individuals aged 16 years and over. A complete test battery was used for the analysis, including the DUREL Religiousness Questionnaire and the PHS-WB General Well-Being Scale, as well as a question on faith in God. Our results show that our dimensions of religiosity: belief in God, institutional and non-institutional religiosity, and intrinsic orientation are positively related to two dimensions of general well-being, mental and social well-being. Those who regularly practise their religion in an institutional setting, report significantly better mental and social well-being than those who are not regular religious practitioners.
References
ALLPORT, Gordon W. – ROSS, Michael J. (1967): Personal Religious Orientation and Prejudice, In: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 5. 4. 432–443.
ANDORKA Rudolf (2006): Bevezetés a szociológiába. Budapest, Osiris Kiadó.
ASMUNDSON, Gordon J. G. – TAYLOR, Steven (2020): Coronaphobia Revisted: A State-of-the-Art on Pandemic-Related Fear, Anxiety, and Stress, In: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 76. 102326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102326.
BANN, Carla M. – KOBAU, Rosemarie – LEWIS, Megan A. – ZACK, Matthew M. – LUNCHEON, Cecily – THOMPSON, William W. (2012): Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Public Health Surveillance Well-Being Scale, In: Quality of Life Research. 21. 6. 1031–1043.
BENTZEN, Jeanet Sinding (2021): In Crisis, We Pray: Religiosity and the COVID-19 Pandemic, In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization. 192. 541–583.
BERGIN, Allen E. – MASTERS, Kevin S. – RICHARDS, P. Scott (1987): Religiousness and Mental Health Reconsidered: A Study of an Intrinsically Religious Sample, In: Journal of Counseling Psychology. 34. 2. 197–204.
BOGUSZEWSKI, Rafal – MAKOWSKA, Marta – BOŻEWICZ, Marta – PODKOWIŃSKA, Monika (2020): The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Religiosity in Poland, In: Religions. 11. 12. 646.
BROOKS, Samantha K. – WEBSTER, Rebecca K. – SMITH, Louise E. – WOODLAND, Lisa – WESSELY, Simon – GREENBERG, Neil – RUBIN, Gideon James (2020): The Psychological Impact of Quarantine and How to Reduce It: Rapid Review of the Evidence, In: Lancet. 395. 10227. 912–920.
CAO, Wenjun – FANG, Ziwei – HOU, Guoqiang – HAN, Mei – XU, Xinrong – DONG, Jiaxin – ZHENG, Jianzhong (2020): The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on College Students in China, In: Psychiatry Research. 112934. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178120305400.
COHEN, Jacob (21988): Statistical Power Analysis for Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale (NJ), Lawrence Erlbaum.
CZEISLER, Mark É. – LANE, Rashon I. – PETROSKY, Emiko – WILEY, Joshua F. – CHRISTENSEN, Aleta – NJAI, Rashid – WEAVER, Matthew D. – ROBBINS, Rebecca – FACER-CHILDS, Elise R. – BARGER, Laura K. – CZEISLER, Charles A. – HOWARD, Mark E. – RAJARATNAM, Shanta M. W.(2020): Mental Health, Substance Use, and Suicidal Ideation during the COVID-19 Pandemic – United States, June 24–30, 2020, In: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 69. 32. 1049–1057.
ELLIS, Albert (2002): Overcoming Resistance. New York, Springer. Idézi: Jakabházi Béla-Botond (2010): Vallásosság, bűntudat és lelki egészség kapcsolata az empirikus pszichológiai kutatások tükrében, In: Keresztény Magvető. CXVI. 4. 396–412.
ELLISON, Christopher G. – BOARDMAN, Jason D. – WILLIAMS, David R. – JACKSON, James S. (2001): Religious Involvement, Stress, and Mental Health: Findings from the 1995 Detroit Area Study, In: Social Forces. 80. 1. 215–249.
ELLISON, Christopher G. – ZHANG, Wei – KRAUSE, Neal – MARCUM, John P. (2009): Does Negative Interaction in the Church Increase Depression? Longitudinal Findings from the Presbyterian Panel Survey, In: Sociology of Religion. 70. 4. 409–431.
ERIKSON, Erik H. (2019): A teljes életciklus. Budapest, Animula.
FERENCZ Emese (2017): Vallásos megküzdés az élet alkonyán, In: Keresztény Szó. https://epa.oszk.hu/00900/00939/00194/EPA00939_kereszteny_szo_2017_01_4.html.
FERENCZI Andrea (2019): Megmérni a mérhetetlent – a sémák és az istenkép összefüggései, In: Furkó Péter – Szathmári Éva (szerk.): Studia Caroliensia: Népszerű tudomány, tudománynépszerűsítés. Budapest: L’Harmattan Kiadó. (2020): Újragondolt istenkép, In: Studia Universitatis Babeş–Bolyai, Theologia Reformata Transylvanica. 66. 1. 201–216.
FRANCIS, Leslie J. – KALDOR, Peter (2002): The Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Christian Faith and Practice in an Australian Population Sample, In: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 41. 1. 179–184.
FRANKL, Viktor (2006): Értelem és egzisztencia. Budapest, Jel Kiadó.
FREUD, Sigmund (1907): Obsessive Actions and Religious Practices, In: The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. 9. (1906–1908): Jensen’s Gradiva and Other Works. Hogarth Press, 1959.
GONZÁLEZ-SANGUINO, Clara – AUSÍN, Berta – CASTELLANOS, Miguel Ángel – SAIZ, Jesús – LÓPEZ-GÓMEZ, Aída – UGIDOS, Carolina – MUÑOZ, Manuel (2020): Mental Health Consequences during the Initial Stage of the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain, In: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 87. 172–176.
HORVÁTH-SZABÓ Katalin (2019): Vallás és emberi magatartás. Budapest, Párbeszéd (Dialógus) Alapítvány.
KASS, Jared D. – FRIEDMAN, Richard – LESERMAN, Jane – ZUTTERMEISTER, Patricia C. – BENSON, Herbert (1991): Health Outcomes and a New Index of Spiritual Experience, In: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 30. 203.
KÉZDY Anikó – MARTOS Tamás – URBÁN Szabolcs – HORVÁTH-SZABÓ Katalin (2010): A vallásos attitűdök, a megküzdési módok és a lelki egészség összefüggései serdülő- és fiatal felnőttkorban, In: Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika. 11. 1. 1–16.
KING, Dane E. – CUMMINGS, Doyle – WHETSTONE, Lauren (2005): Attendance at Religious Services and Subsequent Mental Health in Midlife Women, In: International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 35. 3. 287–297.
KOENIG, Harold G. (2012): Religion, Spirituality, and Health: The Research and Clinical Implications. ISRN Psychiatry. 278730.
KOENIG, Harold G. – BÜSSING, Arndt (2010): The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A Five-Item Measure for Use in Epidemological Studies, In: Religions. 1. 1. 78–85.
KONKOLŸ THEGE Barna – PILLING János – SZÉKELY András – KOPP Mária S. (2013): Relationship between Religiosity and Health: Evidence from a Post-communist Country, In: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 20. 4. 477–486.
KOPP Mária – SZÉKELY András – SKRABSKI Árpád (2004): Vallásosság és egészség az átalakuló társadalomban, In: Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika. 5. 2. 103–125.
MALTSBERGER, John T. (1986): Suicide Risk: The Formulation of Clinical Judgement. New York, New York University Press.
MARTOS Tamás – KÉZDY Anikó (2008): Vallásosság, lelki egészség, boldogság, In: HORVÁTH-SZABÓ Katalin (szerk.): Vallásosság és személyiség. Piliscsaba, Pázmány Kiadó. 51–83.
MARTOS Tamás – KONKOLŸ-THEGE Barna – STEGER, Michael F. (2010): It’s Not Only What You Hold, It’s How You Hold It: Dimensions of Religiosity and Meaning in Life, In: Personality and Individual Differences. 49. 863–868.
MASELKO, Joanna – KUBZANSKY, Laura D. (2006): Gender Differences in Religious Practices, Spiritual Experiences and Health: Results from the US General Social Survey, In: Social Science & Medicine. 62. 11. 2848–2860.
MASLOW, Abraham (2003): A lét pszichológiája felé. Budapest, Ursus Libris.
OLÁH Attila – KAPITÁNY-FÖVÉNY Máté (2012): A pozitív pszichológia tíz éve, In: Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle. 67. 1. 19–45.
OSVÁTH Péter (2021): A Covid-19 pandémia mentálhigiénés következményei. Hogyan tudunk felkészülni a pszichodémiás krízisre? In: Orvosi Hetilap. 162. 10. 366–374.
PÉREZ, John E. – SMITH, Amy Rex – NORRIS, Rebeca L. – CANENGUEZ, Katia M. – TRACEY, Elizabeth F. – DECRISTOFARO, Susan B. (2011): Types of Prayer and Depressive Symptoms among Cancer Patients: The Mediating Role of Rumination and Social Support, In: Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 34. 6. 519–530.
PIKÓ Bettina (2003): Vallásosság és káros szenvedélyek fiatalok körében, In: Addictologia Hungarica. 2. 1. 53–64. (2012): Fiatalok lelki egészsége és problémaviselkedése a rizikó- és protektív elmélet, a pozitív pszichológia és a társadalomlélektan tükrében. Akadémiai doktori értekezés. http://real-d.mtak.hu/566/7/dc_310_11_doktori_mu.pdf.
PIKÓ Bettina – KOVÁCS Eszter (2009): Vallásosság mint védőfaktor? Serdülők pszichikai egészségének szociális epidemiológiai vizsgálata, In: Orvosi Hetilap. 150. 41. 1903–1908.
ROBU Magda (2013): Az istenreprezentáció kognitív szempontú vizsgálata. Doktori értekezés, Debreceni Egyetem. https://dea.lib.unideb.hu/dea/bitstream/handle/2437/197809/Robu_Magda_disszertacio_t.pdf.
SCHIEMAN, Scott – BIERMAN, Alex – ELLISON, Christopher G. (2013): Religion and Mental Health, In: Aneshensel, Carol S. – Phelan, Jo C. – Bierman, Alex (szerk.): Handbook of the Sociology of Mental Health. 457–478. Springer Science + Business Media.
SULLIVAN, Allison R. (2010): Mortality Differentials and Religion in the United States: Religious Affiliation and Attendance, In: Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 49. 4. 740–753.
SZÁZADVÉG (2017). Vallásosság és annak megítélése. Irodalmi áttekintés és primer kutatás. https://szazadveg.hu/tarsadalomtudomanyi-kutatocsoport/szazadveg-kutatas-vallasossag-es-annak-megitelese-2017.pdf.
TOLMIE, Francious – VENTER, Rian (2021): Making Sense of the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Bible – Some Perspectives, In: HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies. 77. 4. a6493.
WANG, Cuiyan – PAN, Riyu – WAN, Xiaoyang – TAN, Yilin – XU, Linkang – HO, Cyrus S. – HO, Roger C. (2020): Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China, In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 17. 5. 1729.
WHITTINGTON, Brandon L. – SCHER, Steven J. (2010): Prayer and subjective well-being: An examination of six different types of prayer, In: International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 20. 1. 59–68.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Reformata Transylvanica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
