ADVERBIALS WITH ADJECTIVAL BASIS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE AND THEIR FREQUENCY IN SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.12

Keywords:

adverbials, adverbial locutions, adjective-adverbs, adverbs ending in mente, Brazilian Portuguese, frequency, written vs. spoken language.

Abstract

Adverbials with Adjectival Basis in Brazilian Portuguese and Their Frequency in Spoken and Written Language. The present paper focuses on the use of adverbs with an adjectival lexical base in spoken and written present-day Brazilian Portuguese. We compare the frequencies of three different types of adverbials: adverbs in ‑mente (e.g. absolutamente), adjective-adverbs (e.g. alto in falar alto ‘speak loudly’) and prepositional phrases with adjectives as the post-prepositional element (e.g. de novo), the latter being the main focus of this study. The analysis is based on the Discurso & Gramática-corpus, which consists of oral interviews of 170 informants and their written texts on the same topic as the one in the interviews. The data shows that prepositional phrases are less frequent (in terms of type and token frequency) than adjective-adverbs and adverbs ending in ‑mente. Regarding the difference between spoken and written language, adverbs in ‑mente occur remarkably more often in written texts while adjective-adverbs are more frequent in spoken language. Prepositional phrases, instead, occur equally in both codes. Finally, we draw the conclusion that prepositional phrases form a small but stable inventory of lexicalised forms, which are not marked for any code.

REZUMAT. Adverbialele cu bază adjectivală în portugheza din Brazilia şi frecvenţa lor în limba scrisă şi în cea vorbită. Acest studiu are în vedere folosirea adverbelor cu bază lexicală adjectivală în portugheza braziliană modernă, scrisă şi vorbită. Mai precis, este vorba despre compararea frecvenţei a trei tipuri: adverbe în –mente (absolutamente), adjective adverbializate (alto în sintagme precum falar alto) şi adjective cu prepoziţii (de novo), cel din urmă tip constituind obiectul principal al acestui studiu. Analiza datelor se bazează pe corpusul Discurso & Gramática, ce conţine o serie de interviuri cu 170 de informatori şi textele scrise corespondente. Datele arată că adverbele cu prepoziţie sunt mai puţin numeroase (ţinând cont frecvenţele type şi token) decât adjectivele adverbializate sau decât adverbele în -mente. În ceea ce priveşte diferenţa dintre limba vorbită şi cea scrisă, adverbele în –mente apar mult mai des în texte scrise, în timp ce adjectivele adverbializate sunt mai numeroase în limba vorbită. În schimb, structurile cu prepoziţie sunt reperabile în amândouă registrele. Din faptele de limbă investigate, reiese că locuţiunile adverbiale fac parte dintr-un inventar restrâns, dar stabil de forme lexicalizate, care nu caracterizează un registru anume. 

Cuvintecheie: adverbe, locuţiuni adverbiale, adjective adverbializate, adverbe în -mente, portugheza braziliană, frecvenţă, limbă scrisă vs vorbită.

Author Biographies

Katharina GERHALTER, University of Graz, Institut für Romanistik – Department of Romance Studies. E-Mail: Katharina.Gerhalter@uni-graz.at

Katharina GERHALTER is currently working as a Post-Doc at the University of Graz, Institut für Romanistik – Department of Romance Studies. Previously she was a researcher within the FWF-project “Open Access Database: Adjective-Adverb Interfaces in Romance” (<https://gams.uni-graz.at/context:aaif>), funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF ORD 66-VO, 2017–2020) and directed by Martin Hummel. This project was a cooperation between the Department of Romance Studies and the Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities at the University of Graz.
E-Mail: Katharina.Gerhalter@uni-graz.at

Stefan KOCH, University of Graz, Institut für Romanistik – Department of Romance studies. E-Mail: Stefan.Koch@uni-graz.at

Stefan KOCH is currently a Post-Doc within the FWF-project “The Third Way” on prepositional adverbials in the Romance languages at the University of Graz, Institut für Romanistik – Department of Romance studies. This project is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF P 30751, 2018–2021) and directed by Martin Hummel at the University of Graz (<https://adjective-adverb.uni-graz.at/en/projects/the-third-way-2018-2021/>). Previously he worked at the universities of Erlangen-Nuremberg (2009–2012; 2017–2019) and Munich (2012–2016). E-Mail: Stefan.Koch@uni-graz.at

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Published

2020-10-30

How to Cite

GERHALTER, K., & KOCH, S. (2020). ADVERBIALS WITH ADJECTIVAL BASIS IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE AND THEIR FREQUENCY IN SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia, 65(4), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.12

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